Hepatocellular carcinoma physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamad Alkateb, MBBCh [2]

Overview

Patients wit hepatocellular carcinoma usually appear cachectic. Physical examination of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma is usually remarkable for jaundice, pruritus, ascites, and cachexia.

Physical Examination

Common physical examination findings of hepatocellular carcinoma are:

Appearance of the Patient

The general appearance of the patient depends on the severity of the condition and on metastasis. The patient is often cachectic, and may appear anxious and with difficulty breathing, if ascites is present.

Vitals

Temperature

• Fever is usually present in advanced cases

Skin

• Jaundice
• Pruritus

Eyes

• Icteric sclera

Abdomen

Significant abdominal findings are seen in advanced stages

• Abdominal distention may be present
• Abdominal tenderness may be present