Hepatocellular carcinoma physical examination
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Differentiating Hepatocellular carcinoma from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamad Alkateb, MBBCh [2]
Overview
Patients wit hepatocellular carcinoma usually appear cachectic. Physical examination of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma is usually remarkable for jaundice, pruritus, ascites, splenomegaly, esophageal varices, and cachexia.
Physical Examination
Common physical examination findings of hepatocellular carcinoma are:
Appearance of the Patient
The general appearance of the patient depends on the severity of the condition and on metastasis. The patient is often cachectic, and may appear anxious and with difficulty breathing, if ascites is present.
Vitals
Temperature
- Fever is usually present in advanced cases
Skin
- Jaundice
- Pruritus
Eyes
- Icteric sclera
Lungs
Abdomen
Significant abdominal findings are seen in advanced stages
- Esophageal varices
- Splenomegaly
- Ascites
- Abdominal distention may be present
- Abdominal tenderness may be present
References