Medulloblastoma staging

	Medulloblastoma Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Medulloblastoma from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Staging
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
CT
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case studies
Case #1
Medulloblastoma staging On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Medulloblastoma staging All Images X-rays Echo and Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Medulloblastoma staging
CDC on Medulloblastoma staging
Medulloblastoma staging in the news
Blogs on Medulloblastoma staging
Directions to Hospitals Treating Medulloblastoma
Risk calculators and risk factors for Medulloblastoma staging

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]

Overview

The staging of medulloblastoma is based on the modified Chang's staging system.^[1]

The staging of medulloblastoma is based on the modified Chang staging system.^[1]

T	Description
TX	Primary tumor cannot be assessed
T0	There is no evidence of primary tumor
T1	Tumor size <3 cm in diameter
T2	Tumor size ≥3 cm in diameter with no evidence of extension
T3a	Tumor size >3 cm in diameter with extension into aqueduct of Sylvius or foramen of Luschka
T3b	Tumor size >3 cm in diameter with definite spread into the brain stem
T4	Tumor size >3 cm in diameter with extension past aqueduct of Sylvius or down past foramen magnum

M	Description
M0	No evidence of metastasis
M1	Microscopic tumor cells presemt in the cerebrospinal fluid
M2	Gross nodular seeding present intracranially beyond the primary site
M3	Gross nodular seeding present in the spinal subarachnoid space
M4	Metastasis present outside the cerebrospinal axis

Medulloblastoma may be stratified based on the patient age, tumor stage, and the extent of any previous surgical resection into either standard risk group patients or high risk group patients.^[2]
The risk stratification criteria may help predict the treatment protocol that should be used for medulloblastoma patients.
The table below demonstrates the risk stratification criteria for medulloblastoma patients:^[2]


Parameters	Standard Risk Group	High Risk Group

Age	Patients older than 3 years of age	Patients younger than 3 years of age
Extent of previous surgical resection	<1.5 cm² residual tumor after resection	Subtotal resection or >1.5 cm² residual tumor after resection
Stage according to modified Chang's system	M0 stage confirmed by MRI and CSF sampling	M1-M3 stage or presence of leptomeningeal seeding

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Harisiadis L, Chang CH (1977). "Medulloblastoma in children: a correlation between staging and results of treatment". Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2 (9–10): 833–41. PMID 597384.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Bartlett F, Kortmann R, Saran F (2013). "Medulloblastoma". Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 25 (1): 36–45. doi:10.1016/j.clon.2012.09.008. PMID 23245832.