Anaplastic large cell lymphoma classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sowminya Arikapudi, M.B,B.S. [2]
Overview
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma may be classified into 2 subtypes: anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK positive and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK negative. Based on clinical presentations, anaplastic large cell lymphoma may be classified into either primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma and primary systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
Classification
- Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (peripheral T-cell lymphoma Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma) may be classified into 2 subtypes:
- Based on clinical presentations, anaplastic large cell lymphoma may be classified into either[1]
- Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma
- Primary systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma
- Based on morphology, anaplastic large cell lymphoma may be classified into 3 subtypes:
- Classical Variants
- Atypical Variants
- Rare Variants
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma |
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| Primary systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma |
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| Name | Description | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Classical Variants | |||||
| Common pattern |
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| Atypical Variants | |||||
| Small cell |
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| Lymphohistiocytic |
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| Giant cell |
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| Hodgkin's like |
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| Rare Variants | |||||
| Sarcomatoid |
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- "Common" pattern: This is the most common morphological variant (75%).[3] The cytoplasm may be either basophilic or eosinophilic and the cell might have many nuclei with dispersed or clumped chromatin. In large cells, nucleoli tend to be more prominent. Given that the lymphomatous cells grow in the lymph node's sinuses, this variant may resemble a metastatic tumor.
- Lymphohistiocytic pattern (10%): Histiocytes have an acidophilic cytoplasm and a perinuclear clear area, with an eccentric nuclei and condensed chromatin.[4] Lymphomatous cells cluster around the perivascular area as demonstrated by immunostaining with CD30 and ALK antibodies.[5]
- Hodgkin's like pattern (3.3%): The morphological characteristics of this pattern are similar to the nodular sclerosis variant of Hodgkin's lymphoma.[6] This pattern is predominately more common among female. There are two immunophenotype:[6]
- Small cell pattern (8.3%): Cells have nuclear irregularity and perivascular/intravascular distribution.[7] Occasionally, lymphomatous cells have a pale cytoplasm with a central nucleus, described as "fried egg cell".[5]
- Giant cell pattern (3.3%)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Canadian Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/types-of-nhl/anaplastic-large-cell-lymphoma/?region=on Accessed on October 7, 2015
- ↑ The anaplastic lymphoma kinase in the pathogenesis of cancer. http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.dosgHitCountType=None&sort=RELEVANCE&inPS=true&prodId=HRCA&userGroupName=mlin_b_bethidmc&tabID=T002&searchId=R1&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment=&searchType=AdvancedSearchForm¤tPosition=1&contentSet=GALE%7CA188154738&&docId=GALE Accessed on October 8, 2015
- ↑ Falini B, Bigerna B, Fizzotti M, Pulford K, Pileri SA, Delsol G; et al. (1998). "ALK expression defines a distinct group of T/null lymphomas ("ALK lymphomas") with a wide morphological spectrum". Am J Pathol. 153 (3): 875–86. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65629-5. PMC 1853018. PMID 9736036.
- ↑ "Frequent Expression ofthe NPM-ALK Chimeric Fusion Protein inAnaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma, Lympho-Histiocytic Type" (PDF).
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Swerdlow, Steven (2008). WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. ISBN 9789283224310.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Vassallo J, Lamant L, Brugieres L, Gaillard F, Campo E, Brousset P; et al. (2006). "ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma mimicking nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's lymphoma: report of 10 cases". Am J Surg Pathol. 30 (2): 223–9. PMID 16434897.
- ↑ Kinney MC, Collins RD, Greer JP, Whitlock JA, Sioutos N, Kadin ME (1993). "A small-cell-predominant variant of primary Ki-1 (CD30)+ T-cell lymphoma". Am J Surg Pathol. 17 (9): 859–68. PMID 8394652.