Sandbox:MDS

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Name Description
Refractory anemia
  • Less than 5% primitive blood cells (myeloblasts) in the bone marrow and pathological abnormalities primarily seen in red cell precursors.
Refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts (RARS)|
  • Less than 5% myeloblasts in the bone marrow, but distinguished by the presence of 15% or greater red cell precursors in the marrow being abnormal iron-stuffed cells called ringed sideroblasts.
Refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB)
  • 5-20% myeloblasts in the marrow.
Refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-T)
  • 21-30% myeloblasts in the marrow (>30% blasts is defined as acute myeloid leukemia).
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML)
  • Less than 20% myeloblasts in the bone marrow and greater than 1*109/L monocytes in peripheral blood.



Old system New system
Refractory anemia

Refractory cytopenia with unilineage dysplasia

Refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts

Refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts

Refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia

Refractory anemia with excess blasts

Refractory anemias with excess blasts I and II

Refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation I–IV

5q - syndrome

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia

Myelodysplastic-myeloproliferative overlap syndromes

Refractory cytopenia of childhood

Unclassifiable myelodysplastic syndrome