Chondroma pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [2]

Overview

Enhondromas arise from rests of growth plate cartilage or chondrocytes that are normally involved in the production and maintainence of the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans.[1][2] Juxta-cortical chondromas (also known as periosteal chondromas) arise from the periosteum of tubular bones.[3] On microscopic histopathological analysis, avascular lobules of hyaline cartilagenous matrix interspersed with chondrocytes, separated by normal marrow are characteristic findings of chondromas.[4][5] On gross pathology, small (usually less than 3 cm), translucent, grey blue, nodular lesions with occasional calcifications are characteristic findings of chondromas.[6]

Pathogenesis

  • Enchondromas arise from rests of growth plate cartilage or chondrocytes that are normally involved in the production and maintainence of the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans.[7][8]
  • Juxta-cortical chondromas (also known as periosteal chondromas) arise from the periosteum of tubular bones .[9]

Gross Pathology

  • On gross pathology, small (usually less than 3 cm), translucent, grey blue, nodular lesions with occasional calcifications are characteristic findings of chondromas.[10][11]

Microscopic Pathology

  • On microscopic histopathological analysis, avascular, fibrous lobules of hyaline cartilagenous matrix, interspersed with chondrocytes and separated by normal marrow are characteristic findings of chondromas. In malignant chondrosarcomas, the fibrous capsule, is irregular, with extensions into the surrounding tissues and may be used in differentiating it from the benign chondroma.[4][5]

Associated conditions

Enchondromas are associated with the following:

Associated disease Findings
Maffucci syndrome
(sporadic)
  • Multiple enchondromas
  • Multiple hemangiomas
  • Lymphangiomas
Ollier disease
(sporadic)
  • Multiple enchondromas
  • Asymmetric dwarfism
Metachondromatosis
(Genetic-Autosomal dominamt)
  • Multiple osteochondromas
  • Multiple enchondromas


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References

  1. Enchondroma. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/enchondroma Accessed on December 15, 2015
  2. Chondrocytes. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrocyte. Accessed on December 16, 2015.
  3. Juxta-cortical chondroma. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/juxta-cortical-chondroma Accessed on December 15, 2015
  4. 4.0 4.1 Shariat Torbaghan S, Ashouri M, Jalayer Naderi N, Baherini N (2011). "Histopathologic Differentiation between Enchondroma and Well-differentiated Chondrosarcoma: Evaluating the Efficacy of Diagnostic Histologic Structures". J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 5 (3): 98–101. doi:10.5681/joddd.2011.022. PMC 3442455. PMID 22991614.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Semenova LA, Bulycheva IV (2007). "[Chondromas (enchondroma, periosteal chondroma, enchondromatosis)]". Arkh Patol. 69 (5): 45–8. PMID 18074822.
  6. Enchondroma. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/enchondroma Accessed on December 15, 2015
  7. Enchondroma. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/enchondroma Accessed on December 15, 2015
  8. Chondrocytes. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrocyte. Accessed on December 16, 2015.
  9. Juxta-cortical chondroma. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/juxta-cortical-chondroma Accessed on December 15, 2015
  10. Enchondroma. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/enchondroma Accessed on December 15, 2015
  11. Periosteal and soft tissue chondromas. American Academy Of Orthopedic Surgeons. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00677 Accessed on December 16, 2015.
  12. Chondroma. LibrePathology. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/File:Enchondroma_-_very_high_mag.jpg Accessed on December 16, 2015
  13. Chondroma. LibrePathology. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/File:Enchondroma_-_very_high_mag.jpg Accessed on December 16, 2015


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