Glomus tumor pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [2]

Overview

Glomus tumor arises from modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus body (or glomus apparatus). The glomus body is a neuromyoarterial plexus in the dermis of skin that is normally involved in thermoregulation.^[1] The gene involved in the pathogenesis of familial glomangioma is ''glomulin'' (''GLMN'') gene.^[2] On gross pathology, small (usually less than 1 cm), bluish or whitish, well circumscribed, solitary nodules are characteristic findings of glomus tumor.^[1] On microscopic histopathological analysis, branching vascular channels and aggregates of specialised glomus cells are characteristic findings of glomus tumor.^[3]

Pathophysiology

Glomus tumor arises from modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus body (or glomus apparatus).^[1]
The glomus body is a neuromyoarterial plexus in the dermis of skin that is normally involved in thermoregulation.

Genetics

Familial glomangioma is a variant of glomus tumor where the patient presents with multiple glomus tumors.^[1] ^[2]
The gene involved in the pathogenesis of familial glomangioma is ''glomulin'' (''GLMN'') gene.^[1] ^[2]
- Mutations are associated with multiple deletions in the glomulin gene of chromosome 1p21-22.^[1] ^[2]
- Inheritance is autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance.^[1] ^[2]

Associated Conditions

Glomus tumors of the fingers and toes may be associated with neurofibromatosis type 1.^[4]^[5]

Gross Pathology

On gross pathology, small (usually less than 1 cm), bluish or whitish, well circumscribed, solitary nodules are characteristic findings of glomus tumor.^[1]
Multiple glomus tumors are usually less circumscribed and less solid than the solitary glomus tumors.^[2]

Microscopic Findings

On microscopic histopathological analysis, characteristic findings of glomus tumor include:^[3]
- Branching vascular channels
- Aggregates of specialized glomus cells
- Inconspicuous to well-defined nucleoli

Intermediate magnification micrograph of a glomus tumor. H&E stain.^[6]
High magnification micrograph of a glomus tumor. H&E stain.^[6]
Very high magnification micrograph of a glomus tumor. H&E stain.^[6]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 Glomus tumor. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomus_tumor Accessed on January 7, 2016.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Gombos Z, Zhang PJ (2008). "Glomus tumor". Arch Pathol Lab Med. 132 (9): 1448–52. doi:10.1043/1543-2165(2008)132[1448:GT]2.0.CO;2. PMID 18788860.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Glomus tumor. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/glomangioma Accessed on January 7, 2016.
↑ Kumar, Monique G.; Emnett, Ryan J.; Bayliss, Susan J.; Gutmann, David H. (2014). "Glomus tumors in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 71 (1): 44–48. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2014.01.913. ISSN 0190-9622.
↑ Stewart, D. R.; Sloan, J. L.; Yao, L.; Mannes, A. J.; Moshyedi, A.; Richard Lee, C.-C.; Sciot, R.; De Smet, L.; Mautner, V.-F.; Legius, E. (2010). "Diagnosis, management, and complications of glomus tumours of the digits in neurofibromatosis type 1". Journal of Medical Genetics. 47 (8): 525–532. doi:10.1136/jmg.2009.073965. ISSN 0022-2593.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Glomus tumor. Wikimedia commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glomus_tumour_-_very_high_mag.jpg#/media/File:Glomus_tumour_-_intermed_mag.jpg Accessed on January 7, 2016.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[rs-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 Glomus tumor. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomus_tumor Accessed on January 7, 2016.

[pmid18788860-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Gombos Z, Zhang PJ (2008). "Glomus tumor". Arch Pathol Lab Med. 132 (9): 1448–52. doi:10.1043/1543-2165(2008)132[1448:GT]2.0.CO;2. PMID 18788860.

[pm-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Glomus tumor. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/glomangioma Accessed on January 7, 2016.

[KumarEmnett2014-4] Kumar, Monique G.; Emnett, Ryan J.; Bayliss, Susan J.; Gutmann, David H. (2014). "Glomus tumors in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 71 (1): 44–48. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2014.01.913. ISSN 0190-9622.

[StewartSloan2010-5] Stewart, D. R.; Sloan, J. L.; Yao, L.; Mannes, A. J.; Moshyedi, A.; Richard Lee, C.-C.; Sciot, R.; De Smet, L.; Mautner, V.-F.; Legius, E. (2010). "Diagnosis, management, and complications of glomus tumours of the digits in neurofibromatosis type 1". Journal of Medical Genetics. 47 (8): 525–532. doi:10.1136/jmg.2009.073965. ISSN 0022-2593.

[op-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Glomus tumor. Wikimedia commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glomus_tumour_-_very_high_mag.jpg#/media/File:Glomus_tumour_-_intermed_mag.jpg Accessed on January 7, 2016.

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