Paracoccidioidomycosis pathophysiology
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Danitza Lukac
Overview
Pathogenesis
- Spores of Paracoccidioides spp. are transmitted via the respiratory route to the human host.
- Following transmission, Paracoccidiodes spp. conidia and mycelial particles invade the terminal brochioles and alveoli and convert into yeast cell [1]
- "The infection can spread to other tissues via lymphatic and hematic" routes. [1]
- "The fungi developed mechanisms (such as adhesion to host cells), to avoid entrapment within mucus and their elimination by mucigen cilliary cells" [2]
- "Their effective adherence contributes to higher speed invasion of host cells, allowing for evasion of the immune system" [2]
Associated Conditions
Paracoccidioidomycosis is a opportunistic disease in Latin America. Associated conditions are:
- HIV/AIDS: Endemic areas of Paracoccidioides spp. in Brazil have the majority of HIV/AIDS patients. Nevertheless, the incidence of HIV/AIDS and paracoccidioidomycosis is minimum, this may be because the prophylaxis (trimetropin-sulfamethoxazole) used for Pneumocystis jiroveci is the one of the possible treatments for paracoccidioidomycosis.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Fortes MR, Miot HA, Kurokawa CS, Marques ME, Marques SA (2011). "Immunology of paracoccidioidomycosis". An Bras Dermatol. 86 (3): 516–24. PMID 21738969.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 de Oliveira HC, Assato PA, Marcos CM, Scorzoni L, de Paula E Silva AC, Da Silva Jde F; et al. (2015). "Paracoccidioides-host Interaction: An Overview on Recent Advances in the Paracoccidioidomycosis". Front Microbiol. 6: 1319. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.01319. PMC 4658449. PMID 26635779.