Pertussis epidemiology and demographics
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]
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Overview
In the United States, the incidence of pertussis is approximately 1.5 to 3.0 per 100,000 individuals, with approximately 5,000 to 7,000 cases reported annually. The incidence of pertussis is thought to be on the rise due to the decline in vaccination rate and diminished herd immunity. Infants and young children < 5 years of age are more commonly infected with pertussis than adults. There is no gender predilection for the development of pertussis. Pertussis-related deaths are rare, but are more common in developing countries, among infants < 6 months of age, and among adult patients with significant co-morbidities.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- In the United States, the incidence of pertussis is approximately 1.5 to 3.0 per 100,000 individuals, with approximately 5,000 to 7,000 cases reported annually.
- Incidence of pertussis has increased steadily since the 1980s despite the availability of vaccination. It is thought that the decline in vaccination rate and diminished herd immunity may, at least in part, be responsible for the rise of the incidence.
- The following table demonstrates the incidence of pertussis in the US by state.
| State | Incidence (per 100,000) | No. of Cases |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 5.9 | 285 |
| Alaska | 23.0 | 169 |
| Arizona | 7.8 | 517 |
| Arkansas | 9.7 | 286 |
| California | 22.8 | 8,723 |
| Colorado | 24.3 | 1,282 |
| Connecticut | 2.8 | 100 |
| Delaware | 22.1 | 205 |
| D.C. | 3.4 | 22 |
| Florida | 3.7 | 719 |
| Georgia | 4.1 | 408 |
| Hawaii | 2.7 | 38 |
| Idaho | 22.8 | 367 |
| Illinois | 5.9 | 764 |
| Indiana | 7.5 | 492 |
| Iowa | 7.2 | 222 |
| Kansas | 14.9 | 431 |
| Kentucky | 6.8 | 300 |
| Louisiana | 2.0 | 90 |
| Maine | 41.9 | 557 |
| Maryland | 3.4 | 203 |
| Massachusetts | 4.6 | 308 |
| Michigan | 14.4 | 1424 |
| Minnesota | 17.5 | 950 |
| Mississippi | 2.3 | 68 |
| Missouri | 9.2 | 558 |
| Montana | 48.7 | 494 |
| Nebraska | 19.6 | 366 |
| Nevada | 5.2 | 144 |
| New Hampshire | 6.4 | 8.4 |
| New Jersey | 4.4 | 387 |
| New Mexico | 17.7 | 370 |
| New York | 8.0 | 901 |
| New York City | 1.4 | 122 |
| North Carolina | 7.6 | 752 |
| North Dakota | 7.2 | 52 |
| Ohio | 12.6 | 1,463 |
| Oklahoma | 3.7 | 142 |
| Oregon | 10.6 | 416 |
| Pennsylvania | 6.4 | 813 |
| Rhode Island | 10.3 | 108 |
| South Carolina | 3.6 | 170 |
| South Dakota | 13.0 | 110 |
| Tennessee | 5.1 | 330 |
| Texas | 9.7 | 2,576 |
| Utah | 32.4 | 940 |
| Vermont | 6.7 | 42 |
| Virginia | 6.1 | 505 |
| Washington | 8.6 | 601 |
| West Virginia | 1.0 | 18 |
| Wisconsin | 26.4 | 1,515 |
| Wyoming | 10.6 | 62 |
| Total | 10.4 | 32,971 |
Mortality
- Pertussis is responsible for approximately 20-40 million deaths worldwide.
- The majority of pertussis-related deaths occur in Africa and Southeast Asia.
- Pertussis-related death is rare, but is more common among infants < 6 months of age and among adult patients with significant co-morbidities.
Age
- Pertussis may infect individuals of all age groups.[1]
- Infants and young children < 5 years of age are more commonly infected with pertussis than adults.[1]
Gender
- There is no gender predilection for the development of pertussis.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Mattoo S, Cherry JD (2005). "Molecular pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of respiratory infections due to Bordetella pertussis and other Bordetella subspecies". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 18 (2): 326–82. doi:10.1128/CMR.18.2.326-382.2005. PMC 1082800. PMID 15831828. Unknown parameter
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