Seminoma natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]

Overview

Seminoma grows slower than non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. Common complications of seminoma include recurrence, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and secondary malignancies. Prognosis of seminoma is good for all stages with greater than 90% cure rate. The International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group divides seminoma into two prognosis groups: good and intermediate.

Natural History

Seminoma grows slower than non-seminomatous germ cell tumors.

Complications

Common complications of seminoma include:

• Recurrence
• Lymph node metastasis
• Distant metastasis
• Increased risk of seminoma in the remaining testicle
• Increased risk of other cancers (second malignancies)

• Mesothelioma and cancer of the lung
• Colon cancer
• Bladder cancer
• Pancreatic cancer
• Stomach cancer

Prognosis

• The International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group (IGCCCG) developed a classification system based on prognostic factors. It indicates how well the cancer is expected to respond to treatment. This system helps physicians make decisions about treatment for advanced germ cell tumors.
• Prognosis of seminoma is good for all stages with greater than 90% cure rate.
• IGCCCG divides seminoma into two prognosis groups:

Prognosis group	Seminoma
Good	There are no distant metastases other than to the lungs. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is normal and other serum tumor markers can be any level.
Intermediate	There are distant metastases to organs other than the lungs. AFP is normal and other serum tumor markers can be any level.