Parotitis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
The epidemiology and demographics of parotitis varies due to the multiple causes of the disease. The global incidence of mumps, viral parotitis, in 2014 was 0.24 per 100,000 individuals. The prevalence of parotitis from Sjögren’s syndrome, as of 2015, is 1000 per 100,000 individuals in the United States. Parotitis is most commonly found in children without the first or follow-up administration of the mumps vaccine. Mumps outbreaks, and resultant parotitis, are also seen in young adults between 20-30 years old that were too old to be vaccinated as children, yet too young to have experienced a natural exposure to infection. [Sjögren’s syndrome is primarily found in women at the perimenopausal age. Parotitis from [Sjögren’s syndrome is 9 times more likely to affect females than males. Juvenile recurrent parotitis is more commonly found in male children. Parotitis from mumps is rare in developed countries due to widespread administration of the vaccination. Developed countries with parotitis epidemics through mumps are usually due to a lack of the follow-up administration of mumps vaccine, non-vaccinated children not developing a resistance to the infection due to lack of natural exposure, or a viral strain that has developed resistance to the vaccine. Parotitis is more common in developing countries due to the lower vaccinated population.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- Viral parotitis (mumps): The global incidence of mumps in 2014 was 0.24 per 100,000 individuals.[1][2]
Prevalence
- Sjögren’s Syndrome: The prevalence of Sjögren’s syndrome, as of 2015, is 1000 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.[3]
Age
- Viral parotitis is most commonly found in children that have not yet received the mumps vaccine, between 12 months and 6 years old.[4]
- Mumps outbreaks, and resultant parotitis, is seen in young adults between 20-30 years old due to being too old for vaccination, yet too young to have natural exposure to infection.[5]
- Juvenile recurrent parotitis most commonly affects children between 12 months and 16 years old.[6]
- Sjögren’s syndrome is primarily found in women at the perimenopausal age.[3]
Gender
- Parotitis from [Sjögren’s syndrome is 9 times more likely to affect females.[7]
- Juvenile recurrent parotitis is more common in males.[6]
Developed countries
- Parotitis from mumps is rare in developed countries, as use of the vaccination is widespread.[8]
- Parotitis from mumps outbreaks in developed countries are usually due to the following:[9]
- Lack of follow-up vaccination
- Non-vaccinated children not developing a resistance to the infection due to lack of natural exposure
- Vaccine-resistant viral strain
Developing countries
- Parotitis is more common in developing countries due to the lower vaccinated population.[8]
Race
- There is no racial predilection to parotitis.
References
- ↑ "WHO World Health Organization: Immunization, Vaccines And Biologicals. Vaccine preventable diseases Vaccines monitoring system 2015 Global Summary Reference Time Series: MUMPS".
- ↑ "Population Clock: World".
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cartee DL, Maker S, Dalonges D, Manski MC (2015). "Sjögren's Syndrome: Oral Manifestations and Treatment, a Dental Perspective". J Dent Hyg. 89 (6): 365–71. PMID 26684993.
- ↑ "Mumps | Vaccination | CDC".
- ↑ Hviid A, Rubin S, Mühlemann K (2008). "Mumps". Lancet. 371 (9616): 932–44. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60419-5. PMID 18342688.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Nahlieli O, Shacham R, Shlesinger M, Eliav E (2004). "Juvenile recurrent parotitis: a new method of diagnosis and treatment". Pediatrics. 114 (1): 9–12. PMID 15231901.
- ↑ "Sjogren's Syndrome: MedlinePlus".
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Galazka AM, Robertson SE, Kraigher A (1999). "Mumps and mumps vaccine: a global review". Bull. World Health Organ. 77 (1): 3–14. PMC 2557572. PMID 10063655.
- ↑ Sabbe M, Vandermeulen C (2016). "The resurgence of mumps and pertussis". Hum Vaccin Immunother. doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1113357. PMID 26751186.