Pulmonary nodule causes

Pulmonary Nodule Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]

Overview

Causes of solitary pulmonary nodule may be classified into 5 categories: infectious, neoplastic, inflammatory, immunological, vascular, and miscellaneous. Common causes of solitary pulmonary nodule, include: tuberculosis, primary lung cancer, granulomas, and rheumatic disease.

Causes

Common Causes

Common malignant causes of solitary pulmonary nodule, include:

• Primary lung cancer

• Non-small cell lung cancer
• Small cell lung cancer

• Lymphoma
• Carcinoid tumor
• Solitary metastasis
• Pulmonary sarcoma

Common benign causes of solitary pulmonary nodule, include:

Inflammatory

• Granuloma
• Tuberculosis
• Fungal infection
• Pulmonary abscess
• Pneumonia

• Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
• Nocardial infection
• Parasite infection

Immunological

• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Wegener's granulomatosis

Vascular

• Arteriovenous malformation
• Hematoma
• Infarction zone

Miscellaneous

• Pulmonary sequestration
• Foreign body
• Pleural plaque
• Hamartoma

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of solitary pulmonary nodule, include: (in alphabetical order)

• Amyloid
• Aneurysm of the pulmonary artery
• Breast cancer
• Bronchial atresia
• Bronchogenic cyst
• Cancers
• Chondroma
• Endometriosis
• Gastric Cancer
• Hemangioma
• Hypernephroma
• Hystiocytosis X
• Lipoid pneumonia
• Localized pleural effusion
• Localized scar
• Lymphoma
• Mucoid impaction
• Multiple myeloma
• Neurogenic tumor
• Pulmonary infarction
• Prostate cancer
• Rheumatoid nodule
• Sarcoma
• Seminoma
• Thyroid Cancer
• Varicose pulmonary vein