Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]
Overview Lung abscess is commonly caused by bacterial infections and these include bacteroides , peptostreptococcus and prevotella .
Causes Life Threatening Causes Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Microbiology About 90% of the lung abscess is caused by polymicrobial infection.[ 1] [ 2]
Anaerobes are the predominant pathogens involved in primary lung abscess, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Klebsiella pneumoniae is the more commonly seen in alcoholics.[ 3] Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen responsible for lung abscess in children with cystic fibrosis.[ 4] The following table elaborates the most common etiological pathogens responsible for lung abscess [ 5]
Polymicrobial
Bacterial
Fungal
Parasites
Anerobic
Aerobic
Histoplasma
Entamoeba histolytica
Gram Negative
Gram Positive
Gram Positive
Gram Negative
Bacteroides fragilis
Peptostreptococcus
Staphyloccocus areus(including MRSA)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Common Causes Causes by Organ System
Cardiovascular
Infective endocarditis
Chemical/Poisoning
No underlying causes
Dental
No underlying causes
Dermatologic
No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect
Drug injection , porfimer
Ear Nose Throat
No underlying causes
Endocrine
Diabetes mellitus
Environmental
No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic
Cystic fibrosis
Genetic
Cystic fibrosis
Hematologic
No underlying causes
Iatrogenic
Hospital-acquired pneumonia
Infectious Disease
Actinomyces , actinomycosis , alveolar hydatid disease , amoebiasis , aspergilloma , aspergillus , bacteroides , blastomyces dermatitidis , bronchiectasis , burkholderia pseudomallei , candida , capnocytophaga , coccidioides immitis , community-acquired pneumonia , cryptococcus neoformans , cryptococcus , entamoeba histolytica , escherichia coli , fusobacterium , haemophilus influenzae , histoplasma capsulatum , HIV , hospital-acquired pneumonia , infective endocarditis , klebsiella pneumoniae , klebsiella , legionella , Lemierre's syndrome , listeriosis , melioidosis , mycobacterium tuberculosis , nocardia , paragonimiasis , paragonimus westermani , paragonimus , peptostreptococcus , pneumonia , prevotella , pseudomonas aeruginosa , rhodococcus equi , staphylococcus aureus , streptococcus milleri , streptococcus pneumoniae , streptococcus pyogenes , streptococcus , yersinia
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic
No underlying causes
Neurologic
No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic
Cystic fibrosis
Obstetric/Gynecologic
No underlying causes
Oncologic
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Ophthalmologic
No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity
No underlying causes
Psychiatric
No underlying causes
Pulmonary
Alveolar hydatid disease , aspiration , bronchiectasis , bronchogenic carcinoma , community-acquired pneumonia , cystic fibrosis , hospital-acquired pneumonia , mycobacterium tuberculosis , pneumonia , Wegener's granulomatosis
Renal/Electrolyte
Wegener's granulomatosis
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy
Chronic granulomatous disease , common variable immunodeficiency , Sjogren's syndrome , vasculitis , Wegener's granulomatosis
Sexual
No underlying causes
Trauma
No underlying causes
Urologic
No underlying causes
Miscellaneous
Foreign body
Causes in Alphabetical Order The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{
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3
Reference
↑ Cesar L, Gonzalez C, Calia FM (1975). "Bacteriologic flora of aspiration-induced pulmonary infections". Arch. Intern. Med . 135 (5): 711–4. PMID 28705 . ↑ Bartlett JG (2012). "Anaerobic bacterial infection of the lung". Anaerobe . 18 (2): 235–9. doi :10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.12.004 . PMID 22209937 . ↑ Wang JL, Chen KY, Fang CT, Hsueh PR, Yang PC, Chang SC (2005). "Changing bacteriology of adult community-acquired lung abscess in Taiwan: Klebsiella pneumoniae versus anaerobes". Clin. Infect. Dis . 40 (7): 915–22. doi :10.1086/428574 . PMID 15824979 . ↑ "www.iosrjournals.org" (PDF) .↑ Lorber B, Swenson RM (1974). "Bacteriology of aspiration pneumonia. A prospective study of community- and hospital-acquired cases". Ann. Intern. Med . 81 (3): 329–31. PMID 4850729 . ↑ Bartlett JG (2005). "The role of anaerobic bacteria in lung abscess". Clin. Infect. Dis . 40 (7): 923–5. doi :10.1086/428586 . PMID 15824980 . ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Hirshberg B, Sklair-Levi M, Nir-Paz R, Ben-Sira L, Krivoruk V, Kramer MR (1999). "Factors predicting mortality of patients with lung abscess". Chest . 115 (3): 746–50. PMID 10084487 .
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