Iron deficiency anemia epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

In the United States, the prevalence and severity of anemia have declined in recent years; hence, the proportion of anemia due to causes other than iron deficiency has increased substantially. As a consequence, the effectiveness of anemia screening for iron deficiency has decreased in the United States .

Epidemiology and Demographics

USA

• Iron deficiency is the most common known form of nutritional deficiency in United States.
• Its prevalence is highest among young children and women of childbearing age (particularly pregnant women).
• In children, iron deficiency causes developmental delays and behavioral disturbances, and in pregnant women, it increases the risk for a preterm delivery and delivering a low-birthweight baby.
• In the past three decades, increased iron intake among infants has resulted in a decline in childhood iron-deficiency anemia in the United States.
• As a consequence, the use of screening tests for anemia has become a less efficient means of detecting iron deficiency in some populations. For women of childbearing age, iron deficiency has remained prevalent.
• CDC emphasizes sound iron nutrition for infants and young children, screening for anemia among women of childbearing age, and the importance of low-dose iron supplementation for pregnant women.

External Link

Center for disease control and prevention