Acute respiratory distress syndrome epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Brian Shaller, M.D. [2]
Overview
The incidence of ARDS in the United States is estimated at around 75 cases per 100,000 person-years, which amounts to roughly 150,000 new cases per year.[1] There is substantial variance in the rates of ARDS between different countries and geographic regions due to factors such as mean life expectancy, prevalence of different risk factors and comorbidities, and access to health care.
Age
ARDS may affect people of all ages, however, it occurs more commonly in the elderly.
Gender
Some studies have suggested that women are slightly more likely than men to develop ARDS, however, the mortality rate may be slightly higher among men than women.[2],[3]
Race
- ARDS does not appear to disproportionately affect any particular racial group, however, in the United States the mortality rate among African Americans with ARDS is higher than among whites[2]
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of ARDS are:
- Advanced age
- Chronic alcoholism
- Chronic liver disease
- Chronic kidney disease
- Cigarette smoke exposure
- Hypoproteinemia[4]
The association between chronic alcoholism and a higher risk of developing ARDS has been demonstrated in several research studies.[5][6] In one study, patients with a history of alcohol abuse were roughly twice as likely to develop ARDS and experienced a mortality rate that was 36% higher than age-, sex-, and disease-matched patients without a history of alcohol abuse.[5]
References
- ↑ Lucas AC (1988). "The future of radiological instrumentation". Health Phys. 55 (2): 191–5. PMID 3410685.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Moss M, Mannino DM (2002). "Race and gender differences in acute respiratory distress syndrome deaths in the United States: an analysis of multiple-cause mortality data (1979- 1996)". Crit Care Med. 30 (8): 1679–85. PMID 12163776.
- ↑ Heffernan DS, Dossett LA, Lightfoot MA, Fremont RD, Ware LB, Sawyer RG; et al. (2011). "Gender and acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically injured adults: a prospective study". J Trauma. 71 (4): 878–83, discussion 883-5. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e31822c0d31. PMC 3201740. PMID 21986736.
- ↑ Mangialardi RJ, Martin GS, Bernard GR, Wheeler AP, Christman BW, Dupont WD; et al. (2000). "Hypoproteinemia predicts acute respiratory distress syndrome development, weight gain, and death in patients with sepsis. Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Group". Crit Care Med. 28 (9): 3137–45. PMID 11008971.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Moss M, Bucher B, Moore FA, Moore EE, Parsons PE (1996). "The role of chronic alcohol abuse in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults". JAMA. 275 (1): 50–4. PMID 8531287.
- ↑ Moss M, Burnham EL (2003). "Chronic alcohol abuse, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction". Crit Care Med. 31 (4 Suppl): S207–12. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000057845.77458.25. PMID 12682442.