Acute respiratory distress syndrome risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Brian Shaller, M.D. [2]
Overview
One of the most potent risk factors in the development of ARDS is chronic alcoholism. Other major risk factors include advanced advanced age and cigarette smoke exposure. Acute illnesses or infections, traumatic injuries, Adverse drug reactions, toxic exposures, and other acute precipitants of ARDS are discussed in the subchapter on causes of ARDS. Certain medical comorbidities (e.g., chronic liver or chronic kidney disease, alcoholism, infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, prior organ transplantation) predispose to the development of ARDS, and the risk for developing ARDS increases along with the number of acute insults sustained by the patient (e.g., pneumonia and pancreatitis versus pancreatitis alone).
Risk Factors
Common risk factors for the development of ARDS are:
- Advanced age
- Chronic alcoholism
- Chronic liver disease
- Chronic kidney disease
- Cigarette smoke exposure
- Hypoproteinemia[1]
The association between chronic alcoholism and a higher risk of developing ARDS has been demonstrated in several research studies.[2][3] In one study, patients with a history of alcohol abuse were roughly twice as likely to develop ARDS and experienced a mortality rate that was 36% higher than age-, sex-, and disease-matched patients without a history of alcohol abuse.[2]
References
- ↑ Mangialardi RJ, Martin GS, Bernard GR, Wheeler AP, Christman BW, Dupont WD; et al. (2000). "Hypoproteinemia predicts acute respiratory distress syndrome development, weight gain, and death in patients with sepsis. Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Group". Crit Care Med. 28 (9): 3137–45. PMID 11008971.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Moss M, Bucher B, Moore FA, Moore EE, Parsons PE (1996). "The role of chronic alcohol abuse in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults". JAMA. 275 (1): 50–4. PMID 8531287.
- ↑ Moss M, Burnham EL (2003). "Chronic alcohol abuse, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction". Crit Care Med. 31 (4 Suppl): S207–12. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000057845.77458.25. PMID 12682442.