Acute respiratory distress syndrome causes

	Acute respiratory distress syndrome Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Acute respiratory distress syndrome from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic study of choice
Diagnostic Criteria
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
Chest X Ray
CT
Echocardiography
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Mechanical Ventilation Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Acute respiratory distress syndrome causes On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Acute respiratory distress syndrome causes All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Acute respiratory distress syndrome causes
CDC on Acute respiratory distress syndrome causes
Acute respiratory distress syndrome causes in the news
Blogs on Acute respiratory distress syndrome causes
Directions to Hospitals Treating Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Risk calculators and risk factors for Acute respiratory distress syndrome causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: , Ayokunle Olubaniyi, M.B,B.S [2], Brian Shaller, M.D. [3]

Overview

ARDS may be caused by either direct or indirect insults to the lung. Common causes of ARDS include sepsis, aspiration pneumonitis, and transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI).^[1]

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

ARDS itself is a life-threatening condition that carries a high mortality rate; any cause of ARDS may be considered life-threatening.

Common Causes

ARDS may occur as the result of either a direct or indirect insult to the lungs:

Direct insult

Pneumonia (bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic)
Aspiration pneumonitis
Toxic inhalation
Smoke inhalation
Fat embolism
Amniotic fluid embolism
Near-drowning (fresh water drowning seems to be more likely to cause ARDS than salt water drowning)
Physical trauma to the lungs (e.g., pulmonary contusion)

Indirect insult:

Sepsis
Massive blood transfusion
Adverse drug reactions and toxic exposures (e.g., acetylsalicylic acid overdose, heroin overdose)
Extrapulmonary traumatic injury (e.g., head trauma, polytrauma)
Pancreatitis
Surface burns
Cardiopulmonary bypass

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	Mercury inhalation
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis^[2]
Drug Side Effect	Acetylsalicylic acid, ado-trastuzumab emtansine, afatinib, amiodarone, crizotinib, cytarabine, cytomegalovirus immune globulin, docetaxel, filgrastim, follitropin, gemcitabine, mitomycin, nitrofurantoin, sorafenib, tbo-filgrastim, urofollitropin
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	Acute eosinophilic pneumonia, inhalation injury, near-drowning, surface burns
Gastroenterologic	Aspiration of gastric contents, pancreatitis
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	Bone marrow transplantation, massive blood transfusion
Iatrogenic	Bone marrow transplantation, cardiopulmonary bypass, massive blood transfusion, oxygen toxicity
Infectious Disease	Acute eosinophilic pneumonia, ehrlichiosis, leptospirosis, malaria, miliary tuberculosis, pneumonia (bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic), sepsis, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Fat embolism, polytrauma
Neurologic	Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Amniotic fluid embolism
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	Acetylsalicylic acid, heroin, naloxone
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Acute eosinophilic pneumonia, aspiration of gastric contents, Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), decompression sickness, fat embolism, lung transplantation, pneumonia
Renal/Electrolyte	Uremia
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Anaphylaxis, bone marrow transplantation, leukoagglutin reactions
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Pulmonary contusion, polytrauma, severe trauma, traumatic brain injury (TBI)
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

↑ Pepe PE, Potkin RT, Reus DH, Hudson LD, Carrico CJ (1982). "Clinical predictors of the adult respiratory distress syndrome". Am J Surg. 144 (1): 124–30. PMID 7091520.
↑ de Prost N, Mekontso-Dessap A, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Van Nhieu JT, Duong TA, Chosidow O; et al. (2014). "Acute respiratory failure in patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis: clinical features and factors associated with mechanical ventilation". Crit Care Med. 42 (1): 118–28. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31829eb94f. PMID 23989174.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid7091520-1] Pepe PE, Potkin RT, Reus DH, Hudson LD, Carrico CJ (1982). "Clinical predictors of the adult respiratory distress syndrome". Am J Surg. 144 (1): 124–30. PMID 7091520.

[pmid23989174-2] Prost N, Mekontso-Dessap A, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Van Nhieu JT, Duong TA, Chosidow O; et al. (2014). "Acute respiratory failure in patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis: clinical features and factors associated with mechanical ventilation". Crit Care Med. 42 (1): 118–28. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31829eb94f. PMID 23989174.

[1]

[2]