Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis pathophysiology

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Pathophysiology

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is predominantly caused by autoantibodies directed against the GluN1 component of the receptor.

In the acute phase of brain diseases, B cells, plasma cells, CD4 T cells, and, less frequently, CD8 T cells have been detected.

Crossing the blood-brain barrier enables systemically produced antibodies to crosslink NMDA receptors. This leads to their internalization and a severe disruption of synaptic plasticity and NMDA receptor network function.