Portal hypertension historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Historical Perspecctive
Discovery
- Herophilus was the first scientist that explained the portal system in human body in IV century B.C. “…nature made special veins which are dedicated to the nourishment of the intestine and they do not pass to the liver; these veins end in glandular bodies, while all the other veins are carried back to the portae...”, he mentioned.[1]
- In 1319, Mondino de Liuzzi (Mundinus), an Italian surgeon, published the textbook named "Anhotomia" and showed the anatomy of liver vascular system for the first time. The book was the most reliable textbook of anatomy for about 200 years and been partially modified by Avicenna, 1000 years ago.
- In 1511, Leonardo da Vinci, Italian Renaissance polymath, first describe the portal hypertension in an illustration in his textbook "De humanis corpore". “... the artery and the vein which go from the spleen to the liver become so large, to block the blood coming from the mesenteric vein; the latter vein dilates and becomes tortuous like a snake, that the liver dries and become like frozen bran, in colour and consistency…”, he mentioned mistakenly the portal hypertension as the outcome of this presentation.[2]
- In 1543, Andreas van Wesel (Andrea Vesalio in Latin), Flemish anatomist, has described portal system accurately for the first time in his textbook called “De humani corporis fabrica”.[3]
- [4]
Outbreaks
- There have been several outbreaks of [disease name], which are summarized below:
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- In [year], [diagnostic test/therapy] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].
Impact on Cultural History
References
- ↑ Rutkow, Ira (1993). Surgery : an illustrated history. St. Louis: Published by Mosby-Year Book Inc. in collaboration with Norman Pub. ISBN 978-0801660788.
- ↑ Child, Charles G. (1955). "The Portal Circulation". New England Journal of Medicine. 252 (20): 837–850. doi:10.1056/NEJM195505192522002. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Balducci, Genoveffa; Sterpetti, Antonio V; Ventura, Marco (2016). "A short history of portal hypertension and of its management". Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 31 (3): 541–545. doi:10.1111/jgh.13200. ISSN 0815-9319.
- ↑ Magner, Lois (2005). A history of medicine. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780824740740.