Albinism epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shadan Mehraban, M.D.[2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
- The prevalence of albinism is estimated to be 1:17,000 to 1:20,000 in the general population [1]
- In the US, about 18,000 people have albinism
- The Prevalence of different types of albinism varies
- Oculocutaneous albinism 2 (OCA2) is the most prevalent form
- The prevalence of different subtypes are as follows:
- OCA1 occurs in 1:40,000 individuals worldwide; 70% of cases occurs in America and China
- OCA2 occurs in 1:39,000 individuals worldwide; this prevalence is estimated to be 1:10,000 in African Americans, 1:36,000 in overall Americans, and 1:3,900 in Sub-Saharan Africa
- OCA3 occurs in 1: 8500 individuals in Africa
- OCA4 occurs in 1:100,000 individuals; accounts for 24% of Japanese albinism
- OCA5, OCA6, and OCA7 cases are very rare
- Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) occurs in 1:500,000 population worldwide; the prevalence of HPS is 1:1800 in Puerto Rico
- Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is very rare; less than 50 cases were identified in the last 20 years
- Ocular albinism (OA1) occurs in 1:50,000 individuals