Boil natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
If left untreated, patients with boil(furuncle) may progress to develop carbuncle, fever and lymphadenopathy. Most common complications of boils(furuncle) include scaring and recurrence. Other complications are septicemia leading to abscess of spinal cord, brain, kidneys or other organs. Prognosis is generally good however it varies with underlying risk factors, if left untreated.
Natural History
- If left untreated, patients with boil(furuncle) may progress to develop carbuncle, fever and lymphadenopathy. Most common complications of boils(furuncle) include scaring and recurrence. Other rare complications are systemic infection with fever and abscess of spinal cord, brain, kidneys or other organs.
- Recurrent furunculosis is commonly caused by methicillin susceptible staphylococcus aureus however Panton-Valentine leukocidin staphylococcus aureus (PVL-SA) and community acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) is the leading cause of severe infection.[1] [2]
Complications
Complications to boil(furuncle) include:[3] [2] [4][5]
- Permanent scarring
- Recurrence
- Abscess of the skin, spinal cord, brain, kidneys, or other organ
- Endocarditis
- Osteomyelitis
- Sepsis
- Infection of brain
- Infection of spinal cord
- Spread of infection to other parts of body or skin surfaces
When to seek urgent medical care
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if boils:
- Appear on the face or spine
- Do not heal with home treatment within 1 week
- Occur along with a fever, red streaks coming out from the sore, large fluid collections around the boil, or other symptoms
Prognosis
- For most cases, prognosis is generally good and a full recovery is expected.[5]
- The prognosis varies with underlying risk factors.
References
- ↑ Venniyil PV, Ganguly S, Kuruvila S, Devi S (2016). "A study of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in patients with pyoderma". Indian Dermatol Online J. 7 (3): 159–63. doi:10.4103/2229-5178.182373. PMC 4886585. PMID 27294048.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ibler KS, Kromann CB (2014). "Recurrent furunculosis - challenges and management: a review". Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 7: 59–64. doi:10.2147/CCID.S35302. PMC 3934592. PMID 24591845.
- ↑ ROODYN L (1954). "Staphylococcal infections in general practice". Br Med J. 2 (4900): 1322–5. PMC 2080205. PMID 13209110.
- ↑ Medows M, Sharma A (2013). "Lancing of a boil leading to severe invasive methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infection in an adolescent". BMJ Case Rep. 2013. doi:10.1136/bcr-2013-200651. PMC 3863041. PMID 24336580.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 MedlinePlus https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001474.htm August 1,2016 Accessed on August 10,2016