Typhoid fever secondary prevention
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]
overview
There are no established guidelines for secondary prevention of typhoid fever. However, early diagnosis and prompt treatment with antibiotics, good nursing care and fluid electrolyte balance, adequate nutrition[1], steroids may have role in severe illness to decrease mortality and morbidity.[2], antibiotics and cholecystctomy may help prevent chronic carrier state.[3]
Secondary prevention
There are no established guidelines for secondary prevention of typhoid fever. However, following strategies may help reduce progression of disease and prevent complications in the affected individuals:[4]
- Early diagnosis and prompt treatment with antibiotics.
- Good nursing care and fluid electrolyte balance.
- Adequate nutrition.[1]
- Steroids may have role in severe illness to decrease mortality and morbidity.[2]
- Antibiotics and cholecystctomy may help prevent chronic carrier state.[3]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 van de Vosse E, Hoeve MA, Ottenhoff TH (2004). "Human genetics of intracellular infectious diseases: molecular and cellular immunity against mycobacteria and salmonellae". Lancet Infect Dis. 4 (12): 739–49. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01203-4. PMID 15567123.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hoffman SL, Punjabi NH, Kumala S, Moechtar MA, Pulungsih SP, Rivai AR; et al. (1984). "Reduction of mortality in chloramphenicol-treated severe typhoid fever by high-dose dexamethasone". N Engl J Med. 310 (2): 82–8. doi:10.1056/NEJM198401123100203. PMID 6361558.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Münnich D, Békési S (1979). "Curing of typhoid carriers by cholecystectomy combined with amoxycillin plus probenecid treatment". Chemotherapy. 25 (6): 362–6. PMID 520079.
- ↑ Parry CM, Hien TT, Dougan G, White NJ, Farrar JJ (2002). "Typhoid fever". N Engl J Med. 347 (22): 1770–82. doi:10.1056/NEJMra020201. PMID 12456854.