Human papillomavirus epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Genital HPV infection is very common, with estimates suggesting that more than 50% of women will become infected with one or more of the sexually transmitted HPV types at some point during adulthood.[1]
Epidemiology
Cutaneous warts
- Widespread in general population
- Incidence of common warts is more than plantar or flat warts
Genital warts
- Anogenital HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the USA [2]
- In USA, the prevalence of anogenital HPV infection is estimated to be 79 million with incidence of 14 million new cases each year [2]
- Worldwide, 90% of genital warts is caused by the HPV 6 and 11[3]
- Prevalence of genital warts is 1% in USA as compared to 10% in Scandinavian countries
- In USA, the incidence of genital warts has slightly increased in the year 2013
HPV associated cancers
- In USA, the incidence of HPV associated cancer is 38,793 each year (data 2008-2012)[4]
- Cervical cancer
- Oropharyngeal cancer
- Incidence of oropharyngeal cancer associated with HPV is showing an increasing trend in USA(23297039)(21969503)
- 70% of oropharyngeal cancers are associated with HPV[4]
- Anal cancer
- In USA, the incidence of anal cancer has increased in the last three decades(23297039)((19293308)(19156144)(23042932)
- There is increased incidence among HIV positive individuals and incidence has not shown a decline after the advent of antiretroviral therapy.(7062503)
- Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
- Rare with rates of about 2 cases per 100,000 children in the United States[5]
- Common in children born to females having active genital warts at the time of vaginal delivery
Demographics
Following demographic factors may affect the incidence and prevalence of HPV infection:
Age
Cutaneous warts
- More common in children aged 12-16 yrs of age[6] (2599836)
- 10% of children and 3.5% of adults are affected, worldwide
Genital warts
- Incidence of genital HPV infection increases at the age when individuals begin to engage in sexual activity.[7][8]
- Highest incidence of genital warts is seen in females aged 20-24 yrs and males aged 25-29 yrs of age[9] (CDC)
- Prevalence of cervical HPV in females may decline after age 30(12571255)
HPV associated cancer
- Incidence is more common in younger age group(sexually active)(18334711)(2196503)(18798277)(22641955)
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
- Increased incidence is seen in children as compared to adults(18496162)(23013073)
Gender
HPV associated cancers
- Out of total 38,793 HPV-associated cancers that occur in the United States each year, 23,000 occur among women, and about 15,793 among men[4]
- Three fold increased prevalence of HPV associated anal and oropharyngeal cancer in men as compared to women.
- Increased incidence of oropharngeal and anal cancer among men who have sex with men (MSM)[10](22282321 JAMA)(22706220)(24625808)(25291584)
- Worldwide, the point prevalence of HPV in females is 10%, with highest prevalence among african females(17597569)
Race
- There may be increased incidence of high risk HPV infections in black females as compared to white[11][8]
References
- ↑ Baseman JG, Koutsky LA (2005). "The epidemiology of human papillomavirus infections". J. Clin. Virol. 32 Suppl 1: S16–24. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2004.12.008. PMID 15753008. *Note: The authors state on page S17 "Overall, these DNA-based studies, combined with measurements of type-specific antibodies against HPV capsid antigens, have shown that most (>50%) sexually active women have been infected by one or more genital HPV types at some point in time."
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/hpv.html#epi
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/other.htm#hpv Accessed on October 12, 2016
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/statistics/ Accessed on October 12, 2016
- ↑ Sinal SH, Woods CR (2005). "Human papillomavirus infections of the genital and respiratory tracts in young children". Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 16 (4): 306–16. doi:10.1053/j.spid.2005.06.010. PMID 16210110. Retrieved 2012-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Allen AL, Siegfried EC (2000). "What's new in human papillomavirus infection". Curr Opin Pediatr. 12 (4): 365–9. PMID 10943818.
- ↑ Schiffman M, Castle PE (2005). "The promise of global cervical-cancer prevention". N. Engl. J. Med. 353 (20): 2101–4. doi:10.1056/NEJMp058171. PMID 16291978.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Ho GY, Bierman R, Beardsley L, Chang CJ, Burk RD (1998). "Natural history of cervicovaginal papillomavirus infection in young women". N Engl J Med. 338 (7): 423–8. doi:10.1056/NEJM199802123380703. PMID 9459645.
- ↑ Dunne EF, Unger ER, Sternberg M, McQuillan G, Swan DC, Patel SS; et al. (2007). "Prevalence of HPV infection among females in the United States". JAMA. 297 (8): 813–9. doi:10.1001/jama.297.8.813. PMID 17327523.
- ↑ "STD Facts - HPV and Men". Retrieved 2007-08-17.
- ↑ Banister CE, Messersmith AR, Cai B, Spiryda LB, Glover SH, Pirisi L; et al. (2015). "Disparity in the persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes between African American and European American women of college age". J Infect Dis. 211 (1): 100–8. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu394. PMC 4326315. PMID 25028692.