Pleural effusion natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]
Overview
Complications of pleural effusion can result from the disease itself or from complication of treatment procedure. These include; empyema, Pneumothorax, Reexpansion pulmonary edema and Postcardiac injury syndrome.
Natural History
Complications
Complications of pleural effusion can result from the disease itself or from complication of treatment procedure.
- Pleural fluid can be secondarily infected and may turn into an abscess or empyema, which will need to be drained with a chest tube.[1][2]
- Pneumothorax can be a complication of thoracentesis procedure.[3][4][5][6]
- Reexpansion pulmonary edema as a complication of therapeutic thoracentesis[7][8]
- Postcardiac injury syndrome (PCIS)[9][10][11]
- A general term for fever and pleuropericardial disease days or months after cardiac injury (myocardial infarction or surgery).
- Typically present two to three weeks post op.
- Chest pain
- Pericardial rub
- Fever
- Leukocytosis
- Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
- Variable combinations of pulmonary effusions and infiltrates.
Prognosis
The expected outcome depends upon the underlying disease.
References
- ↑ Molander V, Diakopoulou M, Orre L, Ferrara G (2013). "Chronic empyema: importance of preventing complications in the management of pleural effusions". BMJ Case Rep. 2013. doi:10.1136/bcr-2013-200454. PMC 3762540. PMID 23946529.
- ↑ Sziklavari Z, Neu R, Hofmann HS, Ried M (2015). "[Persistent pleural effusion following thoracic surgery]". Chirurg. 86 (5): 432–6. doi:10.1007/s00104-014-2863-2. PMID 25920472.
- ↑ Josephson T, Nordenskjold CA, Larsson J, Rosenberg LU, Kaijser M (2009). "Amount drained at ultrasound-guided thoracentesis and risk of pneumothorax". Acta Radiol. 50 (1): 42–7. doi:10.1080/02841850802590460. PMID 19052935.
- ↑ Barnes TW, Morgenthaler TI, Olson EJ, Hesley GK, Decker PA, Ryu JH (2005). "Sonographically guided thoracentesis and rate of pneumothorax". J Clin Ultrasound. 33 (9): 442–6. doi:10.1002/jcu.20163. PMID 16281263.
- ↑ Ponrartana S, Laberge JM, Kerlan RK, Wilson MW, Gordon RL (2005). "Management of patients with "ex vacuo" pneumothorax after thoracentesis". Acad Radiol. 12 (8): 980–6. doi:10.1016/j.acra.2005.04.013. PMID 16087092.
- ↑ Díaz G, Castro DJ, Pérez-Rodríguez E (2000). "Factors contributing to pneumothorax after thoracentesis". Chest. 117 (2): 608–9. PMID 10669716.
- ↑ Doelken P, Huggins JT, Pastis NJ, Sahn SA (2004). "Pleural manometry: technique and clinical implications". Chest. 126 (6): 1764–9. doi:10.1378/chest.126.6.1764. PMID 15596671.
- ↑ Okubo T, Kawada M, Suzuki Y, Kawarada Y, Kitashiro S, Okushiba S (2013). "[Reexpansion pulmonary edema following thoracentesis]". Kyobu Geka. 66 (6): 456–9. PMID 23917048.
- ↑ Namba R, Yamamoto Y, Nawa T, Endo K (2009). "[A case of postcardiac injury syndrome with repeated pleuritis after blunt chest trauma]". Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi. 47 (12): 1161–5. PMID 20058698.
- ↑ Remetz MS, Cleman MW, Cabin HS (1989). "Pulmonary and pleural complications of cardiac disease". Clin Chest Med. 10 (4): 545–92. PMID 2689066.
- ↑ Stelzner TJ, King TE, Antony VB, Sahn SA (1983). "The pleuropulmonary manifestations of the postcardiac injury syndrome". Chest. 84 (4): 383–7. PMID 6617272.