Ischemic stroke natural history

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview


Duration	Complications
Early complications ( <7 days )	Cerebral edema and herniation (within 96 hr) Expansion of the infarct/recurrent infarction Hemorrhagic transformation of the infarcted area Seizure Aspiration pneumonitis Gastrointestinal ulcers and/or bleeding Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism Myocardial infarction
Late complications ( >7 days )	Recurrent stroke Seizure Aspiration pneumonitis Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism Decubitus ulcer Permanent cognitive or language dysfunction Reduced ability to function or care for self Reduced social interactions Side effects of medications Permanent loss of mobility Malnutrition Spasticity Depression^[1]

Prognosis of stroke depends on factors such as:^[2]^[3]^[4]

↑ Senelick Richard C., Rossi, Peter W., Dougherty, Karla (1994). Living with Stroke: A Guide For Families. Contemporary Books, Chicago.
↑ Faraji F, Ghasami K, Talaie-Zanjani A, Mohammadbeigi A (2013). "Prognostic factors in acute stroke, regarding to stroke severity by Canadian Neurological Stroke Scale: A hospital-based study". Asian J Neurosurg. 8 (2): 78–82. doi:10.4103/1793-5482.116378. PMC 3775186. PMID 24049549.
↑ Holloway RG, Benesch CG, Burgin WS, Zentner JB (2005). "Prognosis and decision making in severe stroke". JAMA. 294 (6): 725–33. doi:10.1001/jama.294.6.725. PMID 16091575.
↑ Heinsius T, Bogousslavsky J, Van Melle G (1998). "Large infarcts in the middle cerebral artery territory. Etiology and outcome patterns". Neurology. 50 (2): 341–50. PMID 9484351.
↑ Huttner HB, Schwab S (2009). "Malignant middle cerebral artery infarction: clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and future perspectives". Lancet Neurol. 8 (10): 949–58. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70224-8. PMID 19747656.
↑ Hacke W, Schwab S, Horn M, Spranger M, De Georgia M, von Kummer R (1996). "'Malignant' middle cerebral artery territory infarction: clinical course and prognostic signs". Arch Neurol. 53 (4): 309–15. PMID 8929152.
↑ Treadwell SD, Thanvi B (2010). "Malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management". Postgrad Med J. 86 (1014): 235–42. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2009.094292. PMID 20354047.