Interstitial nephritis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

Common causes of interstitial nephritis include drug side effects, particularly analgesics and antibiotics. Other common causes include associated nephrologic conditions, as well as microbial infections.

Causes

to 75 percent

Any drug has potentiality to cause AIN, among case reports of many drugs causing AIN, but only a few have been reported with biopsy-proven AIN. The most common proven drugs cause of AIN include:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs)

Penicillins and cephalosporins

Antimicrobial sulfonamides, including trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Rifampin

Diuretics, including loop diuretics such as furosemide and bumetanide, and

thiazide-type diuretics

Cipro􀉻oxacin and, perhaps to a lesser degree, ● other quinolones

Cimetidine

Allopurinol

Proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole and lansoprazole

Indinavir

5-aminosalicylates (eg, mesalamine)

Cardiovascular	Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Kawasaki's disease
Chemical/Poisoning	Aristolochia, Quinine, Thiazide diuretics
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Rubeola infection,
Drug Side Effect	Acetaminophen  , Acyclovir, Aldomet, Allopurinol, Alpha-interferon, Amlodipine, Ampicillin, Anitrim, Anti-tubular basement membrane antibodies  , Apo-sulfatrim, Aspirin, Azathioprine, Bactelan, Batrizol, Bumetanide, Captopril, Carbamazepine, Cefaclor, Cefotaxime sodium, Cefoxitin sodium, Cephalosporin, Chlorthalidone, Cimetidine  , Ciprofloxacin, Clofibrate, Cox-2 inhibitors, Creatine, Dabrafenib mesylate, Diazepam, Diclofenac, Diflunisal, Diltiazem, Diphenylhydantoin, Diuretics, Doxycycline, Ectaprim, Enterobacticel, Erythromycin, Esteprim, Ethambutol, Famotidine, Fenoprofen, Flurbiprofen, Furosemide, Griseofulvin, Hydralazine, Hydrochlorothiazide, Ibuprofen, Indinavir, Indomethacin, Isobac, Isoniazid, Kelfiprim, Ketoprofen, Lansoprazole, Macrolides, Mesalamine, Mesalazine, Methicillin, Metoxiprim, Minocycline hydrochloride, Naproxen, Novo-trimel, Nu-cotrimox, Olsalazine, Omeprazole, Oxacillin, Oxaprozin, Oxytetracycline, Pegylated interferon alfa-2b, Penicillin , Phenindione, Phenobarbital, Phenteramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenytoin, Piperacillin/tazobactam, Piroxicam, Polymyxin, Pranlukast, Propylthioruacil, Pro-trin, Rabeprazole, Ranitidine, Rifampin, Roubac, Streptomycin, Sulfatrim ds, Sulfinpyrazone, Sulfonamide, Sulfoxaprim, Sulindac, Syraprim, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, Tetracycline, Thiazide diuretics, Tolmetin, Treponema, Triamterene, Trimesuxol, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, Trimetoger, Trimetox, Trimzol, Trisulfa, Trisulfam, Uroplus ds, Uroplus ss, Vancomycin
Ear Nose Throat	Sjogren syndrome
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Escherichia coli, Inflammatory bowel disease
Genetic	Alport syndrome, Bardet-biedl syndrome
Hematologic	Hypercalcemia, Hyperkalaemic distal renal tubular acidosis, Hyperuricemia, Hypokalemia, Sickle cell disease
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Adenovirus, Brucella, Candida, Chlamydia, Coccidioidomycosis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Cytomegalovirus, Diphtheria, Enterococcus, Epstein-barr virus  , Escherichia coli, Francisella, Hantaan virus, Histoplasmosis, Hiv infection, Legionellosis, Leishmaniasis, Leptospirosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycoplasma infection, Polyomavirus, Rickettsia infection, Rubeola infection, Streptococcal infection, Syphilis, Toxoplasmosis, Uveitis, Yersinia
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	Creatine, Hyperuricemia, Hypokalemia
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Myeloma
Ophthalmologic	Uveitis
Overdose/Toxicity	Cocaine
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Hantaan virus, Histoplasmosis, Sarcoidosis
Renal/Electrolyte	Alport syndrome, Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Hyperkalaemic distal renal tubular acidosis, Reflux nephropathy, Renal failure, Sensenbrenner syndrome, Tubulointerstitial nephritis, Wegener's granulomatosis
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Igg4-related disease, Kawasaki's disease, Sarcoidosis, Sicca syndrome, Systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual	Hiv infection, Syphilis
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

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