Subarachnoid hemorrhage causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
Overview
Spontaneous SAH is most often due to rupture of cerebral aneurysms (85%), which are weaknesses in the wall of the arteries of the brain that enlarge. While most cases of SAH are due to bleeding from small aneurysms, there is evidence from research that larger aneurysms (which are rarer) are still more likely to rupture. A further 10% of cases is due to non-aneurysmal perimesencephalic hemorrhage, in which the blood is limited to the area of the midbrain. No aneurysms are generally found. The remaining 5% are due to vasculitic damage to arteries, other disorders affecting the vessels, disorders of the spinal cord blood vessels, and bleeding into various tumors.
Causes
Subarachnoid hemorrhages may be caused by trauma or may occur spontaneously.
Common causes of subarachnoid hemorrhages include:[1][2][3][4][5][2][6][7][8][9]
Trauma
Head trauma following accident or a fall
Spontaneous
Rupture of an aneurysm
- Saccular aneurysms (most common cause)
- Fusiform aneurysms
- Mycotic aneurysms
Vascular events
- Arteriovenous malformation
- Dural arteriovenous fistula
- Perimesencephalic
- Intracranial arterial dissection
- Amyloid angiopathy
- Cerebral venous thrombosis
- Cerebral vasculitis
- Reversible vasoconstriction syndrome
Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome after carotid endarterectomy
Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome
Brain or cervical tumors
Illicit drug use
References
- ↑ Kumar S, Goddeau RP, Selim MH, Thomas A, Schlaug G, Alhazzani A; et al. (2010). "Atraumatic convexal subarachnoid hemorrhage: clinical presentation, imaging patterns, and etiologies". Neurology. 74 (11): 893–9. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181d55efa. PMC 2836868. PMID 20231664.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 STEHBENS WE (1963). "ANEURYSMS AND ANATOMICAL VARIATION OF CEREBRAL ARTERIES". Arch Pathol. 75: 45–64. PMID 14087271.
- ↑ Austin G, Fisher S, Dickson D, Anderson D, Richardson S (1993). "The significance of the extracellular matrix in intracranial aneurysms". Ann Clin Lab Sci. 23 (2): 97–105. PMID 7681275.
- ↑ Schievink WI, Karemaker JM, Hageman LM, van der Werf DJ (1989). "Circumstances surrounding aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage". Surg Neurol. 32 (4): 266–72. PMID 2675363.
- ↑ Patel RL, Richards P, Chambers DJ, Venn G (1991). "Infective endocarditis complicated by ruptured cerebral mycotic aneurysm". J R Soc Med. 84 (12): 746–7. PMC 1295527. PMID 1774755.
- ↑ Kernan WN, Viscoli CM, Brass LM, Broderick JP, Brott T, Feldmann E; et al. (2000). "c and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke". N Engl J Med. 343 (25): 1826–32. doi:10.1056/NEJM200012213432501. PMID 11117973.
- ↑ Levine SR, Brust JC, Futrell N, Brass LM, Blake D, Fayad P; et al. (1991). "A comparative study of the cerebrovascular complications of cocaine: alkaloidal versus hydrochloride--a review". Neurology. 41 (8): 1173–7. PMID 1866000.
- ↑ Scotti G, Filizzolo F, Scialfa G, Tampieri D, Versari P (1987). "Repeated subarachnoid hemorrhages from a cervical meningioma. Case report". J Neurosurg. 66 (5): 779–81. doi:10.3171/jns.1987.66.5.0779. PMID 3572505.
- ↑ Navi BB, Reichman JS, Berlin D, Reiner AS, Panageas KS, Segal AZ; et al. (2010). "Intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients with cancer". Neurology. 74 (6): 494–501. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181cef837. PMC 2830918. PMID 20142616.