Lymphangitis natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vishal Devarkonda, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Lymphangitis being a manifestation of wide concurrently occurring spectrum of manifestations or pathologies. Natural history, complications and prognosis varies from etiology to etiology.

Natural History

Lymphangitis being a manifestation of wide concurrently occurring spectrum of manifestations or pathologies. Natural history, complications and prognosis varies from etiology to etiology. In general, the natural history of lymphangitis based on the classification follows:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

Lymphangitis due to infectious etiology

Natural history of lymphangitis due to infectious etiology varies widely from organism to organism, but in general, if left untreated or body defenses weren't able to overcome the pathological nature of organism, could lead to bacteremia, sepsis, septic shock, multi-organ failure, and death.

Lymphangitis due to non-infectious etiology

Lymphangitis carcinomatosa

Lymphangits carcinomatosis, being a metstatic malignant condition, commonly results in respiratory failure even with treatment.

Sclerosing lymphangitis

Being a self-limiting and self-resolving condition, If left untreated, it undergoes spontaneous resolving in weeks.[8]

Complications

Complications of lymphangitis varies from etiology to etiology.

Common complications of lymphangitis due to infectious etiology include:[9][10][11][12][13][14][15]

Complications of lymphangits due to non-infectious etiology include:

Lymphangitis carcinomatosa

Most common complications of lymphangitis carcinmatosa are:[16]

Prognosis

Prognosis of lymphangitis varies from etiology to etiology

Lymphangitis due to infectious etiology

With appropriate anitmicrobial treatment, most attacks of lymphangitis with infectious etiology resolve within days to weeks.[17][18][19][20][21][22][23]

Lymphangitis due to Non-infectious etiology

Lymphangitis carcinomatosa

  • Being a manifestation of metastatic primary tumor. Lymphangitis carcinomatosa has extremely poor prognosis with 50% mortality within 3 months of onset of first respiratory symptoms.[16]

Sclerosing lymphangitis

Sclerosing lymphangitis, is self- limiting and self- resolving condition, with excellent prognosis.[24]

References

  1. ↑ lymphanitis "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on October 12,2016
  2. ↑ Füeßl HS (2016). "[Emergency checklist: Acute lymphangitis]". MMW Fortschr Med. 158 (11): 65. doi:10.1007/s15006-016-8384-9. PMID 27271418.
  3. ↑ Kostman JR, DiNubile MJ (1993). "Nodular lymphangitis: a distinctive but often unrecognized syndrome". Ann Intern Med. 118 (11): 883–8. PMID 8480962.
  4. ↑ Schubach A, Barros MB, Wanke B (2008). "Epidemic sporotrichosis". Curr Opin Infect Dis. 21 (2): 129–33. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282f44c52. PMID 18317034.
  5. ↑ Chung E, Pulitzer MP, Papadopoulos EB, Papanicolaou GA, Babady NE, Marchetti MA (2015). "Lymphangitic papules caused by Nocardia takedensis". JAAD Case Rep. 1 (3): 126–8. doi:10.1016/j.jdcr.2015.03.001. PMC 4808715. PMID 27051706.
  6. ↑ Taylor MJ, Cross HF, Ford L, Makunde WH, Prasad GB, Bilo K (2001). "Wolbachia bacteria in filarial immunity and disease". Parasite Immunol. 23 (7): 401–9. PMID 11472559.
  7. ↑ Taylor MJ, Hoerauf A, Bockarie M (2010). "Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis". Lancet. 376 (9747): 1175–85. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60586-7. PMID 20739055.
  8. ↑ Papeš D, Altarac S, Antabak A, Savić I (2015). "Nonvenereal sclerosing lymphangitis of the penis". Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 23 (2): 150–1. PMID 26228831.
  9. ↑ lymphanitis "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on October 12,2016
  10. ↑ Füeßl HS (2016). "[Emergency checklist: Acute lymphangitis]". MMW Fortschr Med. 158 (11): 65. doi:10.1007/s15006-016-8384-9. PMID 27271418.
  11. ↑ Kostman JR, DiNubile MJ (1993). "Nodular lymphangitis: a distinctive but often unrecognized syndrome". Ann Intern Med. 118 (11): 883–8. PMID 8480962.
  12. ↑ Schubach A, Barros MB, Wanke B (2008). "Epidemic sporotrichosis". Curr Opin Infect Dis. 21 (2): 129–33. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282f44c52. PMID 18317034.
  13. ↑ Chung E, Pulitzer MP, Papadopoulos EB, Papanicolaou GA, Babady NE, Marchetti MA (2015). "Lymphangitic papules caused by Nocardia takedensis". JAAD Case Rep. 1 (3): 126–8. doi:10.1016/j.jdcr.2015.03.001. PMC 4808715. PMID 27051706.
  14. ↑ Taylor MJ, Cross HF, Ford L, Makunde WH, Prasad GB, Bilo K (2001). "Wolbachia bacteria in filarial immunity and disease". Parasite Immunol. 23 (7): 401–9. PMID 11472559.
  15. ↑ Taylor MJ, Hoerauf A, Bockarie M (2010). "Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis". Lancet. 376 (9747): 1175–85. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60586-7. PMID 20739055.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Bruce DM, Heys SD, Eremin O (1996). "Lymphangitis carcinomatosa: a literature review". J R Coll Surg Edinb. 41 (1): 7–13. PMID 8930034.
  17. ↑ lymphanitis "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on October 12,2016
  18. ↑ Füeßl HS (2016). "[Emergency checklist: Acute lymphangitis]". MMW Fortschr Med. 158 (11): 65. doi:10.1007/s15006-016-8384-9. PMID 27271418.
  19. ↑ Kostman JR, DiNubile MJ (1993). "Nodular lymphangitis: a distinctive but often unrecognized syndrome". Ann Intern Med. 118 (11): 883–8. PMID 8480962.
  20. ↑ Schubach A, Barros MB, Wanke B (2008). "Epidemic sporotrichosis". Curr Opin Infect Dis. 21 (2): 129–33. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282f44c52. PMID 18317034.
  21. ↑ Chung E, Pulitzer MP, Papadopoulos EB, Papanicolaou GA, Babady NE, Marchetti MA (2015). "Lymphangitic papules caused by Nocardia takedensis". JAAD Case Rep. 1 (3): 126–8. doi:10.1016/j.jdcr.2015.03.001. PMC 4808715. PMID 27051706.
  22. ↑ Taylor MJ, Cross HF, Ford L, Makunde WH, Prasad GB, Bilo K (2001). "Wolbachia bacteria in filarial immunity and disease". Parasite Immunol. 23 (7): 401–9. PMID 11472559.
  23. ↑ Taylor MJ, Hoerauf A, Bockarie M (2010). "Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis". Lancet. 376 (9747): 1175–85. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60586-7. PMID 20739055.
  24. ↑ Papeš D, Altarac S, Antabak A, Savić I (2015). "Nonvenereal sclerosing lymphangitis of the penis". Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 23 (2): 150–1. PMID 26228831.

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