Lung abscess causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Overview

Lung abscess is commonly caused by bacterial infections and these include bacteroides, peptostreptococcus and prevotella.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Microbiology

About 90% of the lung abscess is caused by polymicrobial infection.^[1] ^[2]
Anaerobes are the predominant pathogens involved in primary lung abscess, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is the more commonly seen in alcoholics.^[3]

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen responsible for lung abscess in children with cystic fibrosis.^[4]

The following table elaborates the most common etiological pathogens responsible for lung abscess ^[5]

Polymicrobial

Bacterial

Fungal

Parasites

Anerobic

Aerobic

Histoplasma
Blastomyces
Coccidoides
Aspergillus
Cryptococcus

Entamoeba histolytica
Paragominus Westermani

Gram Negative

Gram Positive

Gram Negative

Bacteroides fragilis
Fusobacterum capsulatum
Fusobacterum necrophorum

Peptostreptococcus
Microerophilic streptococci
Actinomyces

Staphyloccocus areus(including MRSA)
Streptococcous Pneumonia
Streptococcus Pyogens
Nocardia

Klebsiella pneumoniae
Heamophillus influenza type B
Pseudomonas aeurongiosa
Escherichia coli
Legionella Pneumophilia
Acinetobacter spp

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Infective endocarditis
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Drug injection, porfimer
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Diabetes mellitus
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Cystic fibrosis
Genetic	Cystic fibrosis
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Hospital-acquired pneumonia
Infectious Disease	Actinomyces, actinomycosis, alveolar hydatid disease, amoebiasis, aspergilloma, aspergillus, bacteroides, blastomyces dermatitidis, bronchiectasis, burkholderia pseudomallei, candida, capnocytophaga, coccidioides immitis, community-acquired pneumonia, cryptococcus neoformans, cryptococcus, entamoeba histolytica, escherichia coli, fusobacterium, haemophilus influenzae, histoplasma capsulatum, HIV, hospital-acquired pneumonia, infective endocarditis, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella, legionella, Lemierre's syndrome, listeriosis, melioidosis, mycobacterium tuberculosis, nocardia, paragonimiasis, paragonimus westermani, paragonimus, peptostreptococcus, pneumonia, prevotella, pseudomonas aeruginosa, rhodococcus equi, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus milleri, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus, yersinia
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	Cystic fibrosis
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Bronchogenic carcinoma
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Alveolar hydatid disease, aspiration, bronchiectasis, bronchogenic carcinoma, community-acquired pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, hospital-acquired pneumonia, mycobacterium tuberculosis, pneumonia, Wegener's granulomatosis
Renal/Electrolyte	Wegener's granulomatosis
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Chronic granulomatous disease, common variable immunodeficiency, Sjogren's syndrome, vasculitis, Wegener's granulomatosis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Foreign body

Causes in Alphabetical Order

3

Reference

↑ Cesar L, Gonzalez C, Calia FM (1975). "Bacteriologic flora of aspiration-induced pulmonary infections". Arch. Intern. Med. 135 (5): 711–4. PMID 28705.
↑ Bartlett JG (2012). "Anaerobic bacterial infection of the lung". Anaerobe. 18 (2): 235–9. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.12.004. PMID 22209937.
↑ Wang JL, Chen KY, Fang CT, Hsueh PR, Yang PC, Chang SC (2005). "Changing bacteriology of adult community-acquired lung abscess in Taiwan: Klebsiella pneumoniae versus anaerobes". Clin. Infect. Dis. 40 (7): 915–22. doi:10.1086/428574. PMID 15824979.
↑ "www.iosrjournals.org" (PDF).
↑ Lorber B, Swenson RM (1974). "Bacteriology of aspiration pneumonia. A prospective study of community- and hospital-acquired cases". Ann. Intern. Med. 81 (3): 329–31. PMID 4850729.
↑ Bartlett JG (2005). "The role of anaerobic bacteria in lung abscess". Clin. Infect. Dis. 40 (7): 923–5. doi:10.1086/428586. PMID 15824980.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Hirshberg B, Sklair-Levi M, Nir-Paz R, Ben-Sira L, Krivoruk V, Kramer MR (1999). "Factors predicting mortality of patients with lung abscess". Chest. 115 (3): 746–50. PMID 10084487.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid28705-1] Cesar L, Gonzalez C, Calia FM (1975). "Bacteriologic flora of aspiration-induced pulmonary infections". Arch. Intern. Med. 135 (5): 711–4. PMID 28705.

[pmid22209937-2] Bartlett JG (2012). "Anaerobic bacterial infection of the lung". Anaerobe. 18 (2): 235–9. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.12.004. PMID 22209937.

[pmid15824979-3] Wang JL, Chen KY, Fang CT, Hsueh PR, Yang PC, Chang SC (2005). "Changing bacteriology of adult community-acquired lung abscess in Taiwan: Klebsiella pneumoniae versus anaerobes". Clin. Infect. Dis. 40 (7): 915–22. doi:10.1086/428574. PMID 15824979.

[urlwww.iosrjournals.org-4] "www.iosrjournals.org" (PDF).

[pmid4850729-5] Lorber B, Swenson RM (1974). "Bacteriology of aspiration pneumonia. A prospective study of community- and hospital-acquired cases". Ann. Intern. Med. 81 (3): 329–31. PMID 4850729.

[6] Bartlett JG (2005). "The role of anaerobic bacteria in lung abscess". Clin. Infect. Dis. 40 (7): 923–5. doi:10.1086/428586. PMID 15824980.

[pmid10084487-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Hirshberg B, Sklair-Levi M, Nir-Paz R, Ben-Sira L, Krivoruk V, Kramer MR (1999). "Factors predicting mortality of patients with lung abscess". Chest. 115 (3): 746–50. PMID 10084487.

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