Mastitis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]

Overview

Mastitis is mostly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Other causes include Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus, E. coli, Mycoplasma and Candida.

Causes

Life-threatening cause

There is no life-threatening cause of mastitis.

Most common cause

The most common cause of mastitis is Staphylococcus aureus normally found on the skin.

Common causes

Common causes include:

Pathogenic

• Staphylococcus epidermidis
• Streptococcus
• E. coli
• Mycoplasma.
• Fungi, most commonly Candida, that may be found in the oral cavity of the baby.

Non-pathogenic

• ●Tight-fitting brassiere or car seatbelt
• ●Oveproduction of milk
• ●Infrequent breastfeeding
• ●Maternal stress
• ●Maternal malnutrition
• ●Nipple excoriation or cracking
• ●Rapid weaning

Less common causes

Less common causes include:

• Autoimmune reaction to luminal fluid

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	Chloramines in pool water, smoking illicit drugs
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	Vallecular cyst
Endocrine	Oveproduction of milk, Rapid weaning
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes|-
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus, E. coli, Fungi, most commonly Candida, Mycoplasma
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Autoimmune reaction to luminal fluid
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Nipple excoriation or cracking
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Infrequent breastfeeding, Maternal stress, Tight-fitting brassiere or car seatbelt

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Autoimmune reaction to luminal fluid
• E. coli
• Fungi, most commonly Candida
• ●Infrequent breastfeeding
• ●Maternal stress
• ●Maternal malnutrition
• Mycoplasma
• ●Nipple excoriation or cracking
• ●Oveproduction of milk
• ●Rapid weaning
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Staphylococcus epidermidis
• Streptococcus
• ●Tight-fitting brassiere or car seatbelt