Actinomycosis history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

History

Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include the history of:

• Poor oral hygiene or dental caries
• Periodontal disease
• Trauma or dental surgery
• Osteonecrosis (due to bisphosphonates or radiation therapy)
• Ingestion of foreign body (fish or chicken bones)
• Perforated viscus
• Abdominal surgery
• IUD (intrauterine device)

Symptoms

Type	History	Symptoms
Cervicofacial actinomycosis	Poor oral hygiene or dental caries Periodontal disease Osteonecrosis (due to bisphosphonates or radiation therapy)	Tender swollen lumps on cheeks or neck during initial stages and later become hard and painless. Fever Difficulty chewing due to stiffness of jaw Sinus tracts on the lumps which drain yellow granular material Reddish or bluish discoloration of skin over the lump
Thoracic actinomycosis	History of aspiration (seizure disorder, alcoholism, and poor dental hygiene)	Fever Fatigue Weight loss Loss of appetite Chest pain Shortness of breath Sinus tracts which drain yellow granular material
Abdominal actinomycosis	Abdominal surgery Perforated viscus, mesenteric vascular insufficiency, or ingestion of foreign bodies	Fever Fatigue Change in bowel habits (constipation or diarrhea) Abdominal pain Nausea and vomiting Mass or lump in the abdomen Sinus tracts which drain yellow granular material
Pelvic actinomycosis	IUD (intrauterine device)	Mild fever Lower abdominal pain Fatigue Loss of appetite Mass or lump in the pelvis
CNS actinomycosis		Headache Nausea and vomiting Dizziness Seizures Fever

References

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