Actinomycosis natural history
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Once in the tissue, Actinomyces multiply and forms an abscess, producing a hard, red to reddish-purple lump, often on the jaw, from which comes the condition's common name, "lumpy jaw." Eventually, the abscess breaks through the skin surface to produce a draining sinus tract. With treatment, it is completely treatable.
Natural History
- Once in the tissue, actinomyces multiply and forms an abscess, producing a hard, red to reddish-purple lump, often on the jaw.
- Eventually, the abscess breaks through the skin surface to produce a draining sinus tract and are completely treatable.
- If left untreated, patients with actinomycosis may progress to develop focal organ involvement with mass-like features and multiple abscess which can heal and re-form.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Prognosis
- The prognosis is excellent with prompt and effective antimicrobial treatment in patients with uncomplicated actinomycosis that does not affect the CNS.
- The factors that define the outcomes of the disease include:
- Site of infection
- The time to diagnose
- The time to the start of appropriate treatment
- Mortality range from 0% to 28% highest being in CNS.
Complications
Complications that can develop as a result of actinomycosis are [7]
- Extension of disease can result in osteomyelitis of the mandible, ribs, or vertebrae.
- Endocarditis
- Pericarditis
- CNS disease, including brain abscess; chronic meningitis
References
- ↑ Volante M, Contucci AM, Fantoni M, Ricci R, Galli J (2005). "Cervicofacial actinomycosis: still a difficult differential diagnosis". Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 25 (2): 116–9. PMC 2639881. PMID 16116835.
- ↑ Sharkawy AA (2007). "Cervicofacial actinomycosis and mandibular osteomyelitis". Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. 21 (2): 543–56, viii. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2007.03.007. PMID 17561082.
- ↑ Peipert, Jeffrey F. (2004). "Actinomyces: Normal Flora or Pathogen?". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 104 (Supplement): 1132–1133. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000145267.59208.e7. ISSN 0029-7844.
- ↑ Higashi Y, Nakamura S, Ashizawa N, Oshima K, Tanaka A, Miyazaki T, Izumikawa K, Yanagihara K, Yamamoto Y, Miyazaki Y, Mukae H, Kohno S (2017). "Pulmonary Actinomycosis Mimicking Pulmonary Aspergilloma and a Brief Review of the Literature". Intern. Med. 56 (4): 449–453. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7620. PMID 28202870.
- ↑ Schaal KP, Lee HJ (1992). "Actinomycete infections in humans--a review". Gene. 115 (1–2): 201–11. PMID 1612438.
- ↑ Brown, James R. (1973). "Human actinomycosisA study of 181 subjects". Human Pathology. 4 (3): 319–330. doi:10.1016/S0046-8177(73)80097-8. ISSN 0046-8177.
- ↑ Agrawal P, Vaiphei K (2014). "Renal actinomycosis". BMJ Case Rep. 2014. doi:10.1136/bcr-2014-205892. PMC 4244330. PMID 25406215.
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