Rotavirus infection pathophysiology

Rotavirus infection Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

• After entrance the virus to the body through the mouth, replication takes place in the small intestine where it can cause severe watery diarrhea.
• The pathogenesis of the rotavirus infection depends on the enzymes destruction and the enterotoxins of the virus itself.

Transmission

• Rotavirus spreads easily among infants and young children. Children can spread the virus both before and after they become sick with diarrhea. They can also pass rotavirus to family members and other people with whom they have close contact.
• People who are infected with rotavirus shed rotavirus in their feces (poop) - this is often how the virus spreads from a person’s body to other people and into the environment. They shed the virus most when they are sick and during the first 3 days after they recover.
• The virus spreads by the fecal-oral route; this means the virus is shed by an infected person and then enters a susceptible person’s mouth to cause infection. Rotavirus can be spread by the following:
  • Hands
  • Objects (toys, surfaces)
  • Food
  • Water

Associated conditions

Rotavirus may be associated with the following diseases:

• Necrotizing enterocolitis
• intussusception
• Kawasaki's syndrome
• Type 1 diabetes mellitus