Heat stroke medical therapy
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Usama Talib, BSc, MD [2]
Overview
The heat stroke is primarily managed by removing the patient from the environment to minimize heat exposure and to ionitiate rapid cooling protocols.[1]
Medical Therapy
The heat stroke is primarily managed by:[1][2][3][4][5]
- Removing the patient from the environment to minimize heat exposure
- Initiating cooling protocols as soon as possible
- Providing support to the effected organs
Cooling
The cooling is done on the following principles:[4][6]
- The heat is transferred from the body core to the skin and then dissipated into the air.
- Vasodilatation of the vessels in the skin occurs as a compensatory mechanism to help dissipate the heat
- Cooling therapies focus on increasing and facilitating the transfer of heat from the body to the surroundings while keeping the vasodilatory cooling mechanism intact. They can utilize:
- Increasing the gradient of temperature between the body and the surroundings (cooling by the help of conduction)
- Increasing the water vapor pressure gradient between the body and the surroundings (cooling by the help of evaporation)
- Accelerating the flow of air closer to the skin (cooling by the help of convection)
- These can be achieved by:
- Application of water
- Application of ice
- Fanning
Avoidance of Excessive cooling
Most of the techniques used for cooling can decrease the temparature of the body to below 30 degrees.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Leon LR, Bouchama A (2015). "Heat stroke". Compr Physiol. 5 (2): 611–47. doi:10.1002/cphy.c140017. PMID 25880507.
- ↑ Bouchama A, Dehbi M, Mohamed G, Matthies F, Shoukri M, Menne B (2007). "Prognostic factors in heat wave related deaths: a meta-analysis". Arch Intern Med. 167 (20): 2170–6. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.20.ira70009. PMID 17698676.
- ↑ Bouchama A, Knochel JP (2002). "Heat stroke". N Engl J Med. 346 (25): 1978–88. doi:10.1056/NEJMra011089. PMID 12075060.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Graham BS, Lichtenstein MJ, Hinson JM, Theil GB (1986). "Nonexertional heatstroke. Physiologic management and cooling in 14 patients". Arch Intern Med. 146 (1): 87–90. PMID 3942468.
- ↑ Dematte JE, O'Mara K, Buescher J, Whitney CG, Forsythe S, McNamee T; et al. (1998). "Near-fatal heat stroke during the 1995 heat wave in Chicago". Ann Intern Med. 129 (3): 173–81. PMID 9696724.
- ↑ Rowell LB (1983). "Cardiovascular aspects of human thermoregulation". Circ Res. 52 (4): 367–79. PMID 6339107.