Bronchiolitis epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alonso Alvarado, M.D. [2]

Overview

Epidemiology and demographics

Incidence

In the United States, the incidence of bronchiolitis is 3000 per 100,000 in children less than 1 year.
Bronchiolitis presents a seasonal pattern which varies according to climate changes in different geographic locations:

In temperate climates, RSV infections generally occur during fall, winter, and early spring (between November and March in the northern hemisphere). The timing and severity of RSV circulation in a given community can vary from year to year.
In tropical areas, bronchiolitis can be seen throughout the year as RSV periods tend to be longer. Seasonal trends of bronchiolitis could be associated to other etiological pathogens with seasonal patterns.

Age

Bronchiolitis may occur in any age but it usually affects children between the ages of 1 month and 1 year, with higher rates of severe disease in patients under 6 months of age.
Almost all children will have had an RSV infection by their second birthday. 25% to 40% of children exposed to RSV for the first time will develop signs or symptoms of bronchiolitis or pneumonia.
The incidence of bronchiolitis is 75,000 per 100,000 in children under 1 year.
The incidence of bronchiolitis is 95,000 per 100,000 in children under 2 years.

Gender

Bronchiolitis and severe bronchiolitis is more common in males than in females:^[1]

The male to female ratio for severe bronchiolitis is 1.5:1.

Race

Native American and Native Alaskan children tend to have higher hospitalization rates due to bronchiolitis.

Native American children hospitalization rate due to bronchiolitis: 70.9 per 1000 patients.^[1]
Native Alaskan children hospitalization rate due to bronchiolitis: 48.2 per 1000 patients.^[1]

Mortality and morbidity rate

Bronchiolitis is one of the acute respiratory infections that infect the children under 5 years. It is one of the leading cause of death in this age group alongside the pneumonia.^[2]

Mortality rate is low despite the high number of hospitalizations:^[1]
Mortality rate due to bronchiolitis in the U.S. is 2 deaths per 100 000 livebirths and less than 400 deaths during the year.
Mortality rate due to bronchiolitis in the UK is 1.82 per 100 000 livebirths.
Mortality rate due to acute respiratory infection including bronchiolitis is about 2 million death worldwide.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Smyth RL, Openshaw PJ (2006). "Bronchiolitis". Lancet. 368 (9532): 312–22. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69077-6. PMID 16860701.
↑ Rudan I, Tomaskovic L, Boschi-Pinto C, Campbell H, WHO Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (2004). "Global estimate of the incidence of clinical pneumonia among children under five years of age". Bull World Health Organ. 82 (12): 895–903. doi:/S0042-96862004001200005 Check |doi= value (help). PMC 2623105. PMID 15654403.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid16860701-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Smyth RL, Openshaw PJ (2006). "Bronchiolitis". Lancet. 368 (9532): 312–22. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69077-6. PMID 16860701.

[pmid15654403-2] Rudan I, Tomaskovic L, Boschi-Pinto C, Campbell H, WHO Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (2004). "Global estimate of the incidence of clinical pneumonia among children under five years of age". Bull World Health Organ. 82 (12): 895–903. doi:/S0042-96862004001200005 Check |doi= value (help). PMC 2623105. PMID 15654403.

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[2]