Glaucoma epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rohan Bir Singh, M.B.B.S.[2]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
Open-Angle Glaucoma
The overall prevalence of OAG in the US population 40 years and older is estimated to be 1.86% (95% confidence interval, 1.75%-1.96%), with 1.57 million white and 398000 black persons affected. After applying race-, age-, and gender-specific rates to the US population as determined in the 2000 US census, it was estimated that OAG affects 2.22 million US citizens. Owing to the rapidly aging population, the number with OAG will increase by 50% to 3.36 million by 2020. [1]
The global prevalence of glaucoma for population aged 40–80 years is 3.54% (95% Confidence Interval, 2.09–5.82). The prevalence of POAG is highest in Africa - 4.20% (95% Confidence Interval, 2.08–7.35), and the prevalence of PACG is highest in Asia - 1.09%; (95% Confidence Interval, 0.43–2.32). In 2013, the number of people (aged 40–80 years) with glaucoma worldwide was estimated to be 64.3 million, increasing to 76.0 million in 2020 and 111.8 million in 2040. [2]
Prevalence
- Worldwide, it is the second leading cause of blindness.[3]
- Glaucoma affects one in two hundred people aged fifty and younger and one in ten over the age of eighty.
Gender
- In the Bayesian meta-regression model, men were more likely to have POAG than women (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% CrI, 1.23–1.52), and after adjusting for age, gender, habitation type, response rate, and year of study, people of African ancestry were more likely to have POAG than people of European ancestry (OR, 2.80; 95% CrI, 1.83–4.06), and people living in urban areas were more likely to have POAG than those in rural areas (OR, 1.58; 95% CrI, 1.19–2.04).
Race
- African Americans are three times more likely than Caucasians to develop primary open angle glaucoma.
- Asians are susceptible to angle-closure glaucoma, and Inuit have a twenty to forty times higher risk than Caucasians of developing primary angle closure glaucoma.
References
- ↑ Friedman DS, Wolfs RC, O'Colmain BJ, Klein BE, Taylor HR, West S, Leske MC, Mitchell P, Congdon N, Kempen J, Eye Diseases Prevalence Research Group (2004). "Prevalence of Open-Angle Glaucoma Among Adults in the United States". Arch Ophthalmol. 122 (4): 532–8. doi:10.1001/archopht.122.4.532. PMC 2798086. PMID 15078671.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Yih-Chung Tham, Xiang Li, Tien Y. Wong, Harry A. Quigley, Tin Aung, Ching-Yu Cheng (2014). "Global Prevalence of Glaucoma and Projections of Glaucoma Burden through 2040". Ophthalmology. 121 (11): 2081–2090. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.05.013.
- ↑ "Glaucoma, Normal Tension, Susceptibility To." OMIM - Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Accessed October 17, 2006.
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