Hypogonadism natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]
Overview
Natural History
Complications
Complications of hypogonadism depend on the age of the patient. Complications that can develop are enlisted as the following:[1]
- Fetal life:
- Ambigous genitalia which means genitalia unclear whether it is male or female.
- Puberty:
- Gynecomastia
- Complete delay of puberty
- Impaired gonadal growth
- Adult:
- Infertility
- Type 2 Diabetes mellitus
- Depression
- Cardiovascular stroke
- Myocardial infarction
- Osteoporosis
Prognosis
- The prognosis of hypogonadism is good with treatment and patients can have normal life along side the appropriate medical therapy.
- Despite the different complications of hypogonadism, they can be managed under appropriate treatment.[2]
References
- ↑ Arver S, Luong B, Fraschke A, Ghatnekar O, Stanisic S, Gultyev D; et al. (2014). "Is testosterone replacement therapy in males with hypogonadism cost-effective? An analysis in Sweden". J Sex Med. 11 (1): 262–72. doi:10.1111/jsm.12277. PMID 23937088.
- ↑ Rahnema CD, Lipshultz LI, Crosnoe LE, Kovac JR, Kim ED (2014). "Anabolic steroid-induced hypogonadism: diagnosis and treatment". Fertil Steril. 101 (5): 1271–9. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.02.002. PMID 24636400.