Acute viral nasopharyngitis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2]
Overview
Acute viral nasopharyngitis is the most common human infection worldwide; responsible for about half of the family physicians visits.
Epidemiology and Demographics
- Upper respiratory tract infections are the most common human infections worldwide.[1]
- On average, adults get 2-3 common cold bouts per year and children get 6-10 infections per year.[2]
- Acute viral nasopharyngitis is responsible for 500 out of every 1000 family physician visits per year.[3]
Age
- Acute viral nasopharyngitis infection is more common among infants and elder people; which have relatively decreased immunity.
- Elderly > 65 years tend to have more severe form of the disease, even develop complications.[4]
Sex
- Males are more commonly affected with common cold than females in all age groups; especially in young children and elderly.[5]
Race
- Native Americans and Inuits are more likely to involve in the disease and also develop complications.[2]
Developing and developed countries
- Acute viral nasopharyngitis is prevalent worldwide with no specific predilection.
Seasonality
- In the United States, the incidence of colds is higher in the fall and winter; with highest rate between September and April.
- The higher incidence in this time of the year may be due to the cold weather and the school season. All these factors encourage people to stay indoor in close proximity; thus, increase the chance of contracting the infection.
References
- ↑ Turner RB (1997). "Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of the common cold". Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 78 (6): 531–9, quiz 539–40. doi:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)63213-9. PMID 9207716.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Fashner J, Ericson K, Werner S (2012). "Treatment of the common cold in children and adults". Am Fam Physician. 86 (2): 153–9. PMID 22962927.
- ↑ "[Immune status. Slim chance for infected hemophiliacs]". Fortschr. Med. (in German). 106 (18): 13. 1988. PMID 3215607.
- ↑ Heikkinen T, Järvinen A (2003). "The common cold". Lancet. 361 (9351): 51–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12162-9. PMID 12517470.
- ↑ Heeler RM (1997). "Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold". JAMA. 278 (15): 1231–2. PMID 9333254.