Glucagonoma CT
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Glucagonoma Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Glucagonoma CT On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Glucagonoma CT |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2] Mohammed Abdelwahed M.D[3]
Overview
Findings on abdominal CT scan suggestive of glucagonoma include a reinforced mass in the arterial phase of the enhanced CT scan. Symptomatic but nonfunctioning glucagonomas are usually large (>3 cm) at the time of diagnosis.
CT
- CT scans are used to determine the location of the tumor, show the organs nearby, determining the stage of cancer and in determining whether surgery is a good treatment option.
- Spiral multi phasic contrast-enhanced CT is recommended. [1]
- Sensitivity is >80 percent but it is decreased for tumors smaller than 2 cm.[2]
- With contrast, glucagonomas often enhance with iodinated contrast during the early arterial phase with washout during the portal venous imaging phase.[3]
- Liver metastases may appear isodense with the liver on a non-contrasted study.[4]
- Symptomatic but nonfunctioning glucagonomas are usually large (>3 cm) at the time of diagnosis.[5]
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![A 3-cm nodular mass in the head of the pancreas[6]](/images/5/51/Contrast-enhanced_computed_tomography_scan_of_the_abdomen._A_3-cm_nodular_mass_in_the_head_of_the_pancreas_was_seen._There_was_no_evidence_of_metastases..jpg)
A 3-cm nodular mass in the head of the pancreas[6]
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![Computed tomography scan of the abdomen showing a large tumor in the tail of the pancreas[7]](/images/c/c4/NEM23.jpg)
Computed tomography scan of the abdomen showing a large tumor in the tail of the pancreas[7]
![A 3-cm nodular mass in the head of the pancreas[6]](/index.php/File:Contrast-enhanced_computed_tomography_scan_of_the_abdomen._A_3-cm_nodular_mass_in_the_head_of_the_pancreas_was_seen._There_was_no_evidence_of_metastases..jpg)
![Computed tomography scan of the abdomen showing a large tumor in the tail of the pancreas[7]](/index.php/File:NEM23.jpg)
References
- ↑ Lv WF, Han JK, Liu X, Wang SC, Pan BO, Xu AO (2015). "Imaging features of glucagonoma syndrome: A case report and review of the literature". Oncol Lett. 9 (4): 1579–1582. doi:10.3892/ol.2015.2930. PMC 4356379. PMID 25789004.
- ↑ Khashab MA, Yong E, Lennon AM, Shin EJ, Amateau S, Hruban RH; et al. (2011). "EUS is still superior to multidetector computerized tomography for detection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors". Gastrointest Endosc. 73 (4): 691–6. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2010.08.030. PMID 21067742.
- ↑ Paulson EK, McDermott VG, Keogan MT, DeLong DM, Frederick MG, Nelson RC (1998). "Carcinoid metastases to the liver: role of triple-phase helical CT". Radiology. 206 (1): 143–50. doi:10.1148/radiology.206.1.9423664. PMID 9423664.
- ↑ Legmann P, Vignaux O, Dousset B, Baraza AJ, Palazzo L, Dumontier I; et al. (1998). "Pancreatic tumors: comparison of dual-phase helical CT and endoscopic sonography". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170 (5): 1315–22. doi:10.2214/ajr.170.5.9574609. PMID 9574609.
- ↑ Wang SC, Parekh JR, Zuraek MB, Venook AP, Bergsland EK, Warren RS; et al. (2010). "Identification of unknown primary tumors in patients with neuroendocrine liver metastases". Arch Surg. 145 (3): 276–80. doi:10.1001/archsurg.2010.10. PMID 20231629.
- ↑ Wu SL, Bai JG, Xu J, Ma QY, Wu Z (2014). "Necrolytic migratory erythema as the first manifestation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor". World J Surg Oncol. 12: 220. doi:10.1186/1477-7819-12-220. PMC 4105234. PMID 25029913.
- ↑ Fang S, Li S, Cai T (2014). "Glucagonoma syndrome: a case report with focus on skin disorders". Onco Targets Ther. 7: 1449–53. doi:10.2147/OTT.S66285. PMC 4140234. PMID 25152626.