Thyroid nodule epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Thyroid nodules, are extremely common in young adults and children almost 50% of people have had one, but they are usually only detected by a GP during the course of a health examination, or through a different affliction. Thyroid nodules are common, their prevalence being largely dependent on the identification method.8885814 The estimated prevalence by palpation alone ranges from 4% to 7%,3,4 whereas US detects nodules in 20% to 76% of the adult population,4–6 particularly with the current use of high-resolution US techniques.8426623 The reported frequencies detected by US correlate with the prevalence reported at surgery and autopsy with ranges between 50% and 65%.25041951
Epidemiologic studies have shown the prevalence of palpable thyroid nodules to be approximately 5% in women and 1% in men living in iodine-sufficient parts of the world (1,2). In contrast, high-resolution ultrasound (US) can detect thyroid nodules in 19%–68% of randomly selected individuals, with higher frequencies in women and the elderly.
thyroid cancer, which occurs in 7%–15% of cases depending on age, sex, radiation exposure history, family history, and other factors
In the United States, 4 to 7 percent of the adult population have a palpable thyroid nodule
, , , et al. Treatment guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Arch Intern Med 1996;156:2165-2172
2 to 4 per 100,000 people per year, constituting only 1 percent of all cancers and 0.5 percent of all cancer deaths., . Thyroid nodules: rational management. World J Surg2000;24:934-941
Nodules are more common in women and increase in frequency with age and with decreasing iodine intake. The prevalence is much greater with the inclusion of nodules that are detected by ultrasonography or at autopsy. By the latter assessment, approximately 50 percent of 60-year-old persons have thyroid nodules.
, , . Management of simple nodular goiter: current status and future perspectives. Endocr Rev2003;24:102-132