Struma ovarii overview
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Struma ovarii is a variant of dermoid tumors of the ovary in which thyroid tissue components constitute fro more than 50% of the overall tissue. Struma ovarii is comparatively a rare tumor which amounts to 1% of all ovarian tumors and 2.7% of all dermoid tumors. Struma ovarii is a rare monodermal variant of ovarian teratoma.
Historical Perspective
Struma ovarii, the tumor was first described in 1889 by Boettlin. By observing the ovaries, he discovered the presence of thyroid follicular tissue in them. Further reports thereafter were published by Gottschalk in 1899.
Classification
Malignant Struma ovarii (MSO) are categorized into 3 subtypes namely, Classic variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (cPTC), Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) and Follicular thyroid carcinoma.
Pathophysiology
It is thought that Struma ovarii is mediated by activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway as a critical step in tumorigenesis. Malignant struma ovarii (MSO) are rare tumors which arise from ectopic thyroid tissue in the ovary which is benign.
Causes
Differentiating Stroma of ovary from Other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
In 2015, the incidence of struma ovarii is approximately 220-240 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. Struma ovarii usually occurs in the age groups between 40-60 years. There is no racial predilection to Struma ovarii. Being a tumor of ovarian origin, struma ovarii occurs in females only.
Risk Factors
Risk factors in the development of Struma ovarii include elevated CA-125 levels, older age, postmenopausal status, and large tumor masses.