Gynecomastia other diagnostic studies
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Husnain Shaukat, M.D [2]
Overview
Gynecomastia is diagnosed clinically after a thorough history and physical examination. Laboratory investigations and imaging studies can be helpful in the diagnosis of gynecomastia. Other diagnostic study in the work up for gynecomastia include biopsy, which helps to confirm the diagnosis of breast cancer.
Other Diagnostic Studies
Biopsy
- Fine-needle aspiration biopsy findings associated with gynecomastia include the proliferation of the ducts and increase in connective tissue.[1]
- Long standing gynecomastia may show hyalinization of the stroma and fibrosis along with an increase in the number of ducts.[1][1]
- In gynecomastia, a biopsy is done to confirm breast cancer, if there are suspicious findings on imaging or clinical examination.[2][3][4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cuhaci N, Polat SB, Evranos B, Ersoy R, Cakir B (2014). "Gynecomastia: Clinical evaluation and management". Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 18 (2): 150–8. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.129104. PMC 3987263. PMID 24741509.
- ↑ Koshy JC, Goldberg JS, Wolfswinkel EM, Ge Y, Heller L (2011). "Breast cancer incidence in adolescent males undergoing subcutaneous mastectomy for gynecomastia: is pathologic examination justified? A retrospective and literature review". Plast Reconstr Surg. 127 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181f9581c. PMID 20871489.
- ↑ Westenend PJ, Sever AR, Beekman-De Volder HJ, Liem SJ (2001). "A comparison of aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy in the evaluation of breast lesions". Cancer. 93 (2): 146–50. PMID 11309781.
- ↑ Rotten D, Levaillant JM, Leridon H, Letessier A, Sandres M (1993). "Ultrasonographically guided fine needle aspiration cytology and core-needle biopsy in the diagnosis of breast tumors". Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 49 (3): 175–86. PMID 8405632.