Celiac disease epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Celiac Disease is more prevalent than previously thought. Prevalence has been shown to be as high as 1:250 [1] ). The prevalence may be as high as 1:133 in the general population.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
The prevalence of clinically diagnosed disease (symptoms prompting diagnostic testing) is 0.05–0.27% in various studies. However, population studies from parts of Europe, India, South America, Australasia and the USA (using serology and biopsy) indicate that the prevalence may be between 0.33 and 1.06% in children (5.66% in one study of Saharawi children[2]) and 0.18–1.2% in adults. People of African, Japanese and Chinese descent are rarely diagnosed; this reflects a much lower prevalence of the genetic risk factors. Population studies also indicate that a large proportion of coeliacs remain undiagnosed; this is due to many clinicians being unfamiliar with the condition.[3]
A large multicentre study in the U.S. found a prevalence of 0.75% in not-at-risk groups, rising to 1.8% in symptomatic patients, 2.6% in second-degree relatives of a patient with coeliac disease and 4.5% in first-degree relatives. This profile is similar to the prevalence in Europe.[4]
Incidence
- The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
Prevalence
- Worldwide, the prevalence of celiac disease is estimated to be 0.5% - 1% of world population.[5]
- The prevalence of celiac disease is approximately 0.71 % or 710 per 100,000 individuals in United States.[6]
- The overall prevalence of Celiac disease has been increasing in United States from 0.17% in 1988 to 0.44% in 2012.[7]
- In Europe the prevalence of celiac disease is estimated to be 1%. The Scandinavian countries, Ireland, and the United Kingdom population tended to show a higher prevalence of CD of approximately 1.0%-1.5%.[8]
- In Australia the prevalence of celiac disease is estimated to be 0.4%.[9]
- In New Zealand the prevalence of celiac disease is estimated to be 1.2%.[9]
- In India the prevalence of celiac disease is estimated to be 0.3%.[10]
- In North Africa, Algeria with its refugees in the Sahara desert have the highest prevalence of celiac disease at 5.6%.[11]
- The risk for celiac disease is higher for people with diabetes, autoimmune disorder and relatives with celiac disease individuals because of shared HLA typing.
Case-fatality rate
- In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate of [number range]%.
- The case-fatality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
- The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
- [Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
- [Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
- [Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
Race
among non-Hispanic whites (1.0%) than among non-Hispanic blacks (0.2%) and
- There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
- Celiac disease usually affects individuals of the non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics (0.3%) and non-Hispanic blacks (0.2%).
Gender
- [Disease name] affects men and women equally.
- [Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
Region
- The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
- [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
References
- ↑ Detecting Celiac Disease in Your Patients", American Family Physician, Vol. 57/No. 5, Pruessner, Harold T., M.D. http://www.aafp.org/afp/980301ap/pruessn.html
- ↑ Catassi C, Rätsch I, Gandolfi L, Pratesi R, Fabiani E, El Asmar R, Frijia M, Bearzi I, Vizzoni L (1999). "Why is coeliac disease endemic in the people of the Sahara?". Lancet. 354 (9179): 647–8. PMID 10466670.
- ↑ Zipser R, Farid M, Baisch D, Patel B, Patel D (2005). "Physician awareness of celiac disease: a need for further education". J Gen Intern Med. 20 (7): 644–6. PMID 16050861.
- ↑ Fasano A, Berti I, Gerarduzzi T, Not T, Colletti R, Drago S, Elitsur Y, Green P, Guandalini S, Hill I, Pietzak M, Ventura A, Thorpe M, Kryszak D, Fornaroli F, Wasserman S, Murray J, Horvath K (2003). "Prevalence of celiac disease in at-risk and not-at-risk groups in the United States: a large multicenter study". Archives of Internal Medicine. 163 (3): 286–92. PMID 12578508.
- ↑ Gujral, Naiyana (2012). "Celiac disease: Prevalence, diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 18 (42): 6036. doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i42.6036. ISSN 1007-9327.
- ↑ Rubio-Tapia A, Ludvigsson JF, Brantner TL, Murray JA, Everhart JE (2012). "The prevalence of celiac disease in the United States". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 107 (10): 1538–44, quiz 1537, 1545. doi:10.1038/ajg.2012.219. PMID 22850429.
- ↑ Choung RS, Ditah IC, Nadeau AM, Rubio-Tapia A, Marietta EV, Brantner TL, Camilleri MJ, Rajkumar SV, Landgren O, Everhart JE, Murray JA (2015). "Trends and racial/ethnic disparities in gluten-sensitive problems in the United States: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1988 to 2012". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 110 (3): 455–61. doi:10.1038/ajg.2015.8. PMID 25665935.
- ↑ Cataldo F, Pitarresi N, Accomando S, Greco L (2004). "Epidemiological and clinical features in immigrant children with coeliac disease: an Italian multicentre study". Dig Liver Dis. 36 (11): 722–9. doi:10.1016/j.dld.2004.03.021. PMID 15571002.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Cook HB, Burt MJ, Collett JA, Whitehead MR, Frampton CM, Chapman BA (2000). "Adult coeliac disease: prevalence and clinical significance". J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15 (9): 1032–6. PMID 11059933.
- ↑ Sood A, Midha V, Sood N, Avasthi G, Sehgal A (2006). "Prevalence of celiac disease among school children in Punjab, North India". J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 21 (10): 1622–5. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04281.x. PMID 16928227.
- ↑ Lionetti P, Favilli T, Chiaravalloti G, Ughi C, Maggiore G (1999). "Coeliac disease in Saharawi children in Algerian refugee camps". Lancet. 353 (9159): 1189–90. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)74414-7. PMID 10210014.