Sandbox: HS
The exact incidence of HHS is not known, but it is estimated to account for <1% of hospital admissions in patients with diabetes (1)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diabetes Public Health Resource: Diabetes Data & Trends. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/mortalitydka/fratedkadiabtotals.htm
Most cases of HHS are seen in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes; however, it has also been reported in children and young adults (2). The overall mortality rate is estimated to be as high as 20%, which is about 10 times higher than the mortality in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (3–5).
The reported mortality is between 10 and 20%, which is about 10 times higher than the mortality rate in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Despite the severity of this condition, no prospective, randomized studies have determined best treatment strategies in patients with HHS, and its management has largely been extrapolated from studies of patients with DKA. There are many unresolved questions that need to be addressed in prospective clinical trials regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of pediatric and adult patients with HHS. Population-based data are not available for HHS. The rate of hospital admissions for HHS is lower than the rate for DKA, and accounts for less than 1 percent of all primary diabetic admissions [1,3-5].
The mortality rate for hyperglycemic crisis declined between 1980 and 2009
| HHS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fluids | Insulin | Potassium | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| If serum glucose does not fall at least 10% in first hour | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||