Sandbox:Mazia

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mazia Fatima, MBBS [2]

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of multinodular goiter include female sex,age over 50 years,areas with decreased iodine intake,natural goitrogens,vitamin A and iron deficiency,selenium deficiency.

Risk Factors

• Common risk factors in the development of multinodular goiter include:
  • Female sex
  • Age over 50 years
  • Areas with decreased iodine intake
• Natural goitrogens associated with the development of multinodular goiter include:
  • Millet, soy beans, coconut, babassu contain flavonoids that impair thyroperoxidase.
  • Cassava, sweet potato, sorghum contain cyanogenic glucosides metabolized to thiocyanates that Inhibits iodine thyroidal uptake.
  • Cabbage, cauliflower, Broccoli, turnips contain glucosinolates that impair iodine thyroidal uptake.
  • Seaweed (kelp) contains excess iodine that inhibits release of thyroidal hormones.
• Vitamin A and Iron deficiency increases TSH stimulation and reduces heme-dependent thyroperoxidase thyroidal activity.
• Selenium deficiency accumulates peroxidase and causes deiodinase deficiency resulting in impaired thyroid hormone synthesis.