Toxic multinodular goiter epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The incidence of solitary toxic adenomas was 4.8 per 100,000 population per year.[1]
- The incidence of toxic adenomas may be related to the degree of iodine sufficiency.
- Correction of mild iodine deficiency has beneficial effects on the incidence of hyperthyroidism The total incidence of hyperthyroidism declined steadily to reach 44% of the control level in 1988/89. This was due to a decrease mostly of toxic nodular goiter.
Prevalence
- the prevalence of toxic adenomas was 1.6% of 2846 thyrotoxic patients in a research done in Cleveland.
- The prevalence of toxic thyroid nodules was significantly higher in an iodine-deficient population when compared with an iodine-sufficient population.
Case-fatality rate
Age
- The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years. [Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
- Thyrotoxicosis associated with an autonomous nodule occurred in 57% of patients aged more than 60 years, whereas 13% of those younger than 60 years were hyperthyroid.
Race
In a recent study, the incidence of malignancy in TMG was found to be 7% and most of them were papillary microcarcinomas.[2]
Gender
- [Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
- was noted to be higher specifically in females aged 50 years or older.[3]
- Toxic nodules were seen in women six times more than in men.
- All benign thyroid disorders showed predominance in women. Male/female ratio was 1/10 (10%) in the TMG group and 6/12 (50%) in the NMG group in our study. We also found a significant difference in the incidence of malignancy in male patients between the two groups and the incidence of malignancy was found to be higher in the non-toxic male patients.
Region
- [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
- Chiefly because of the iodination of table salt in the United States, the iodine intake of 200 to 600 μg/day in the United States is significantly higher than the nearly borderline deficient intake of 25 to 100 μg/day in many areas of Europe.
- A higher incidence is seen in European countries in comparison with the United States. A general survey of six countries in Europe in 1986 revealed that 9% of thyrotoxic patients had autonomous nodules. In Malmo, Sweden, the mean annual incidence of thyrotoxicosis rose in 1988 to 1990 compared with the incidence in 1970 to 1974.
Developed Countries
References
- ↑ Siegel RD, Lee SL (1998). "Toxic nodular goiter. Toxic adenoma and toxic multinodular goiter". Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 27 (1): 151–68. PMID 9534034.
- ↑ Ríos A, Rodríguez JM, Balsalobre MD, Torregrosa NM, Tebar FJ, Parrilla P (2005). "Results of surgery for toxic multinodular goiter". Surg Today. 35 (11): 901–6. doi:10.1007/s00595-004-3051-7. PMID 16249841.
- ↑ Pelizzo MR, Bernante P, Toniato A, Fassina A (1997). "Frequency of thyroid carcinoma in a recent series of 539 consecutive thyroidectomies for multinodular goiter". Tumori. 83 (3): 653–5. PMID 9267482.