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Historical Perspective
Discovery
- In 1869, Paul Langerhans first described pancreatic islet cells, when he was still a medical student.
- In 1902, Nicholls discovered the first adenoma of pancreatic islets.[1]
- In 1922, Frederick Banting and Charles Best were the first to discover insulin from a dog’s pancreas.
- In 1926, Wilder-et-al associated hyperinsulinism and functional islet tumor after a surgery on a person who had hypoglycemia and found an islet cell cancer with liver metastasis.[2]
- In 1927, William J Mayo was the first to discover the association between hyperinsulinism and a functional pancreatic islet cell tumor. In 1927, the insulinoma was first described in Mayo clinic, which was dissected in 1929 in Toronto.[1]
- In 1929, the first surgical cure was performed by Roscoe Graham.[3]
- In 1935, Whipple suggested a diagnostic criterion for the diagnosis of insulinoma called as Whipple's triad. [3]
Risk assessment table
| Scoring criteria for risk assessment* | ||
|---|---|---|
| Scoring system | Score | Risk |
| IMPROVEDD Score[4] | Predicted % VTE risk through 42 days | |
| 0 | 0.4% | |
| 1 | 0.6% | |
| 2 | 0.8% | |
| 3 | 1.2% | |
| 4 | 1.6% | |
| 5-10 | 2.2% | |
| Predicted % VTE risk through 77 days | ||
| 0 | 0.5% | |
| 1 | 0.7% | |
| 2 | 1.0% | |
| 3 | 1.4% | |
| 4 | 1.9% | |
| 5-10 | 2.75 | |
| IMPROVE score[5] | Predicted % VTE risk through 3 months | |
| 0 | 0.5% | |
| 1 | 1.0% | |
| 2 | 1.7% | |
| 3 | 3.1% | |
| 4 | 4% | |
| 5-8 | 11% | |
| Padua Score[6] | < 4 | Low risk for VTE |
| ≥ 4 | High risk for VTE | |
| Caprini score[7] | 0-1 | Low risk of VTE |
| 2 | Moderate of VTE | |
| 3-4 | High risk of VTE | |
| ≥ 5 | Highest risk for VTE | |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Stamatakos M, Safioleas C, Tsaknaki S, Safioleas P, Iannescu R, Safioleas M (2009). "Insulinoma: a rare neuroendocrine pancreatic tumor". Chirurgia (Bucur). 104 (6): 669–73. PMID 20187464.
- ↑ Wilder, Russell M.; Allan, Frank N.; Power, M. H.; Robertson, H. E. (1927). "CARCINOMA OF THE ISLANDS OF THE PANCREAS". Journal of the American Medical Association. 89 (5): 348. doi:10.1001/jama.1927.02690050014007. ISSN 0002-9955.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Whipple AO, Frantz VK (1935). "ADENOMA OF ISLET CELLS WITH HYPERINSULINISM: A REVIEW". Ann. Surg. 101 (6): 1299–335. PMC 1390871. PMID 17856569.
- ↑ . doi:10.1055/s-0037-160392910.1055/s-0037-1603929. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Spyropoulos AC, Anderson FA, Fitzgerald G, Decousus H, Pini M, Chong BH; et al. (2011). "Predictive and associative models to identify hospitalized medical patients at risk for VTE". Chest. 140 (3): 706–14. doi:10.1378/chest.10-1944. PMID 21436241.
- ↑ Barbar S, Noventa F, Rossetto V, Ferrari A, Brandolin B, Perlati M; et al. (2010). "A risk assessment model for the identification of hospitalized medical patients at risk for venous thromboembolism: the Padua Prediction Score". J Thromb Haemost. 8 (11): 2450–7. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04044.x. PMID 20738765.
- ↑ Caprini JA, Arcelus JI, Hasty JH, Tamhane AC, Fabrega F (1991). "Clinical assessment of venous thromboembolic risk in surgical patients". Semin Thromb Hemost. 17 Suppl 3: 304–12. PMID 1754886.