Sandbox cerebral palsy

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Differentiating

Incubation

Period

Symptoms Laboratory

findings

Prodromal phase Illness phase
Fever Headache Myalgia Abdominal pain Hemorrhage
Filoviruses Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever 5-10 + + + + +
  • Clinically indistinguishable
  • Maculopapular rash on the trunk (chest, back, stomach)
  • Multiorgan failure
Ebola 2-21 + + + + +
Bunyaviruses Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) 13 + + + + +
  • Red eyes, a flushed face, a red throat, and petechiae (red spots) on the palate
  • changes in mood and sensory perception.
Hantavirus Infection  9 -33 + + + - +
Rift Valley fever 2-6  + - + - -
  • Most commonly mild disease with recovery in 2 weeks
  • Encephalitis, or inflammation of the brain
  • Hemorrhagic fever, which occurs in less than 1% of overall RVF
Arenaviruses Lassa fever 7-21 + + + - -
  • Deafness
  • Respiratory distress
  • Repeated vomiting
  • Facial swelling
  • Pain in the chest, back, and abdomen, and shock.encephalitis
  • Hemorrhage only 20% have severe disease
Lujo hemorrhagic fever  7-13  
  • Morbilliform rash of the face and trunk
  • Face and neck swelling
  • Pharyngitis
  • Diarrhea
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM)  8-13 + + + - -
  • Meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis
  • Acute hydrocephalus
  • Myocarditis
Flaviviruses Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever (AFD) 2-4  + - + - -
  • Neurologic symptoms
  • Hemorrhagic symptoms only in severe form.
  • Multi-organ failure 
  • Thrombocytopenia,
  • Leukopenia
  • Elevated liver enzymes
Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) 3-8  + + + + + Biphasic
  • Complete recovery by 2 week
  • Wave of symptoms in 3 rd week with tremors, and vision deficits.
  • Pancytopenia
Omsk hemorrhagic fever  3-8 + + + + + Biphasic
  • Complete recovery by 2 week
  • Wave of symptoms in 3 rd week with encephalitis
  • Pancytopenia