Cholangitis causes
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[2] Farwa Haideri [3]
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Overview
Cholangitis is usually caused by a bacterial infection, which can occur when there is blockage in the bile duct, such as a gallstone or tumor. The infection causing this condition may also spread to the liver.
Causes
Life-threatening Causes
- Acute suppurative cholangitis is a life-threatening cause of cholangitis.
Common Causes
Cholangitis is usually caused by bile stasis. It is the ascending infection of the bile duct by bacteria, and/or parasites.
Cholangitis may be caused by:
- Bile stasis
- Choledocholithiasis/dislodged gallstones (cholelithiasis)
- Biliary strictures
- Bacterial infection
- Malignancy
- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
- Biliary tract surgery with common bile duct implantment[1]e.g. resection of the carcinoma of ampulla of Vater
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of cholangitis include:
- Parasitic infections:
- Malignancy
Genetic Causes
Causes by Organ System
Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
Dental | No underlying causes |
Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
Drug Side Effect | Cidofovir, Sorafenib, Teduglutide |
Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
Endocrine | No underlying causes |
Environmental | No underlying causes |
Gastroenterologic | Cholelithiasis, Biliary stricture, Pancreatic cancer, Primary sclerosing cholangitis |
Genetic | No underlying causes |
Hematologic | No underlying causes |
Iatrogenic | Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
Infectious Disease | Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Enterobacter, Bacteroides, Clostridia, Ascaris lumbricoides, Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, Opisthorchis felineus, Taenia saginata |
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
Neurologic | No underlying causes |
Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
Oncologic | Cancer of the pancreatic head, Cholangiocarcinoma, Lymphoma, Hepatoma, Metastasis to bile duct |
Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
Sexual | No underlying causes |
Trauma | No underlying causes |
Urologic | No underlying causes |
Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
References
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=Z67nCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA16&lpg=PA16&dq=paralytic+ileus+and+cholangitis&source=bl&ots=EN_c_A_D4F&sig=tzVoAltXsoltCH6_KkdcTi_qaiU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiywPaJu4zXAhVp5IMKHWZzB7AQ6AEIRjAG#v=onepage&q=paralytic%20ileus%20and%20cholangitis&f=false. Missing or empty
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(help) - ↑ Serradilla Martin, M.; Palomares Cano, A.; Dabán Collado, E.; Medina Cuadros, M. (2016). "Acute cholangitis secondary to main bile duct thrombi for hepatocellular carcinoma". HPB. 18: e745–e746. doi:10.1016/j.hpb.2016.01.225. ISSN 1365-182X.