Sandbox cerebral palsy

Pathophysiology

Mucosal barrier

• The gastric mucosa is protected from the acidic environment by mucus, bicarbonate, prostaglandins, and blood flow.
• This mucosal barrier consists of three protective components which include:
  • Layer of epithelial cells lining.
  • Layer of mucus, secreted by surface epithelial cells and Foveolar cells.
  • Bicarbonate ions, secreted by the surface epithelial cells.

Mechanism of Action

• The insoluble mucus forms a protective gel-like coating over the entire surface of the gastric mucosa.

The mucus protects the gastric mucosa from autodigestion by e.g. pepsin and from erosion by acids and other caustic materials that are ingested.

The bicarbonate ions act to neutralize harsh acids.

• If the balance of gastric acid secretion and mucosal defenses is disrupted, acid interacts with the epithelium to cause damage